No. 63.] 153 



the county, one of the most prominent is a more natural and judicious 

 " division of labor." Instead of the attempt by each farmer, to raise 

 every animal and product necessary for his consumption, he has found 

 it better to turn his attention to those to which his soils are adapted, 

 and exchange his surplus with those who can profitable raise the oth- 

 ers. By this course, high and thin soils have been devoted to sheep, 

 for the purposes of wool-growing; soils of a medium quality, but 

 which owing to inequalities of surface, wetness or stoniness, are less 

 arable, have been devoted to dairying or grazing; and our richer val- 

 ley lands have produced that surplus of grain required for the con- 

 sumption of the others. 



A decided improvement has also taken place in the rotation of 

 crops, and in the method of seeding. 



Summer fallowing, a practice which the average product of the 

 wheat sown after it will not justify in this county, has given place 

 to fallow crops. 



Manures are more carefully increased, and more judiciously ap- 

 plied. 



Improved breeds or selections of animals have, to a considerable 

 extent, taken the place of unimproved and unselected varieties and 

 families. 



Agricultural Produce. — Cortland is a grazing county, though in 

 the principal valleys winter wheat, maize, and other grain and root 

 crops are successfully cultivated; and on the hills, spring wheat, the 

 coarse grains, flax, roots, &c. It must be confessed, however, that for 

 the last few years rust has rendered both spring and winter wheat 

 to a certain extent, a precarious crop. In 1839 the produce of the 

 various crops was as follows: — 



100,765 bushels of wheat. 



29,935 do barley. 



277,381 do oats. 



2,730 do rye. 



18,015 do buckwheat. 



85,344 do Indian corn. 



Other Products. 



182,408 pounds of wool. 

 181 " hops. 



Articles enumerated by their Value. 



Product of the dairy, $137,367 



" orchards, 6,308 



[Senate No. 63.J U 



