STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. l07 



alreadj^ grown, giving us a full ilhistration of two year's growth in one, as seen in No. 

 4 from A to B. These facts are of value to the niu'seryman, since knowing why it is a 

 certain growth occurs , he will be able to produce or avoid it. 



No. 1 has 37 active buds, besides live dormant ones near the base, which were par- 

 tially consumed by the leaves and buds of later growth. The graft producing this tree 

 was taken from a shoot, the leaves of which in the previous year, grew under full 

 exposure of sunlight and air. 



No. 2 has two dormant buds and nineteen active or perfect ones. The branch from 

 which this graft was cut, received but partial exposure; w^hile the graft producing 

 No. 3, which has one dormant and ten active buds, Avas much shaded, as I have else- 

 where described. 



No. 4, like preceding, is from a graft taken from the interior of the tree; but unlike 

 either of the others, the stock on which this one was grown, was one of great strength. 

 The first growth from this graft consisted of twelve buds, extending to A. When 

 these were formed, the tenninal bvid unfolded, producing a second or additional top 

 growth of twenty-five buds. This growth was ended at B. "When these were per- 

 fected, the top or terminal bud on this second growth, opened, making a third addition 

 of four inches to the height of the tree; when, as seen between B and C, the growth 

 was arrested by cold. Under normal conditions, in this last tree, we have the bud 

 formation of two, and a part of the third year's growth in one. 



SCAB OR ARRESTED GROWTH OF APPLES VS. APPLE TREE LOUSE. 



Perhaps it is a little singular that we should, year after year, have gone on dis- 

 carding one variety of apple after another, because they yielded to what was believed 

 to be a disease of a fungoid origin, popularly known as scab. Singiilar, not because 

 the apples, when once scabbed, were not worthless enough to entitle them to a place 

 on the rejected list, but singular because of our ignorance in not understanding years 

 ago, as we might have done^ the true origin of the disease. During the past winter, 

 in my own orchard my attention was repeatedly arrested by the vast number of clus- 

 ters of little eggs which were glued to the branches near the base of the leaf and 

 fruit buds. These egg clusters were those of the apple tree louse, and were placed 

 where they were found by the winged lice in the previous fall. These eggs are 

 hatched by the warmth of spring; the temperature which develops the blossoms and 

 leaves, being sufficient to hatch the eggs. All the eggs, however, do no not hatch at 

 the same time. It often happens that a part only ol the little cluster of eggs are 

 hatched when the remainder is prevented l)y cold. From this cause, sometimes one 

 or more weeks intervene between the tirst and last hatching. 



Our knowledge of the extent of the mischief so}netimes done cur trees by the root 

 louse, made me curious as to the possible damage that might result from such vast 

 numbers of these tree lice. On consulting authorities, I learned that it is the normal 

 habit of these insects to feed on the newly fomiing leaves, and on the young shoots of 

 the current year's growth. 



To this view I may add, as the result of my investigations made the past spring 

 and summer in my own grounds, and in different parts of the "West, that in respect to 

 their food, these lice seem to be extremely fastidious. On some varieties of the 

 apple they feed almost exclusively on the leaves, and on the young shoots. As an 



