180 TRAXSACTIOXS OF THE ILLINOIS 



Mr. Earle — I would like to hear from Mr, Barry something about 

 the cause of failure in Xew England and Eastern New York. Is 

 there anything in the climate or in the destruction of forests ? The 

 failure, as I understand, has been more in regard to the Xew England 

 ■States. 



3Ir. Barry — The failure in the 'New England States is just about 

 the same as in New York. In the ISTew England States a man told 

 me the demand for trees was greater than it had been for many 

 years. I think the orchards had been a great deal neglected in New 

 England. There are very few people there engaged in orcharding as 

 a profession, and any one traveling through New England would see 

 what a total neglect there was of the orchards; but they are now 

 planting new orchards, and no one believes that it is worse there 

 now than it was formerly. 



As to this question of root-gi'afting or top-grafting, it has nothing 

 to do with it. I do not care whether it is root-grafted or top-grafted, 

 nor whether you grow it in Maine or California, if it is a good tree, 

 with good roots; I do not care where it was raised. [Cheers.] The 

 younger you can get grafts the better they are. 



Mr. Flagg — Is there any difference between grafting on pieces of 

 roots and whole roots ? 



Mr. Barry — I think a good root will make two good grafts, but 

 beyond that I think no nurseryman, studying his own interests, would 

 use them. 



Mr. Eiley — I will simply ask one question, which may throw some 

 light on the deterioration of the apple. Is there not a true cause in 

 the difference between the insect enemies of the East and the "West ? 

 Have we not in the West the root aphis and the bark louse in more 

 abundance than they have in the East ? 



Mr. Barry — "We have not so many difficulties in the way of insects 

 as you have. The scaly aphis I have seen in Canada, but not much 

 in the East. I do not remember having a greater degree of cold in 

 Western New York than 18^ below zero. 



