STATE HORTICULTUEAL SOCIETY. 239 



the lower part of the scion to put out roots freely. These grew stronger than the 

 seedUngs below, and were esteemed genuine and preserved for multiplying the variety. 

 Pear grafts, thus managed, did particularly well; and in three years made good sale 

 trees, on their own roots. Early in Ajnil these roots were planted in borders, six feet 

 wide, by laying them flat on the surface full length across the border, one foot apart 

 and covered with three inches of soil. The following spring to be taken up, divided, 

 and the sets planted in nursery rows, four feet apart and one foot in the row. Two 

 year old trees were also layered in this manner, to get the genuine roots. A supply 

 once obtained, they were cut in pieces four inches in length, and planted in nursery 

 rows, upright, with the top of the root barely above ground. He believed that trees 

 on their own roots were the most valuable, and grown with the least labor. 



The following are the varieties wliich he collected in Ohio, New Jersey and various 

 other States, and brought to Fort Hanison on the Wabash, in the year 1816, and 

 planted where they made two seasons' growth; and in the autumn of 1817 they were 

 removed to this place, and planted in nursery and orchard. 



Winter Ap2}les— J unnette, (or Neverfail), Yellow Pippin, Milam, Smith Cider, Sweet 

 Rhode Island Greening, Winter Queen, Hannah, Newtown Pippin, Newtown Spitzen- 

 berg. Large Romanite, Little Romanite, Winter White, Black Gillyflower, Ladytinger, 

 Hard Red, Shaker Red, and Priestly. Autiwm — Rambo, Fall Winesap, Fall Pippin, 

 Harper's Sweet and Taylor. Summer — Sweet Harvest, Early Pennock, Sour Harvest. 



Pear — Pound, Early Sugar, Mammoth, (or Miller), from the great Mammoth Pear 

 tree, near Vincennes, Indiana; and the Harvest, (or Large Bell). 



Cherry — Black Morello and Virginia red, a dwarfish heart-shaped sort, of the Morello 

 class. 



Quince — Orange and Italian. 



Plum—Lav^Q Damson. 



Peach — Large Y'ellow Free. 



Grape — White Cape and Black Cape. 



These varieties composed the first orchard of grafted fruits planted in Illinois. After 

 the lapse of half a century, not more than ten per cent, of these are living. The largest 

 tree, the Edgar llusset, measures eight feet and five inches in circumference one foot 

 from the ground; is forty-five feet high, with diameter of the head sixty-one feet. 

 Another tree eight feet and two inches, diameter of head sixty feet. These two trees, 

 I presume, are the largest fruit trees in this county. The original Bellefleur Pippin 

 six feet four inches, diameter of head fifty feet. A Hannah apple tree, six feet seven 

 inches; Sweet R. I. Greening, five feet; Newtown Pippin, five feet three inches; 

 Romanite, six feet three inches; Smith Cider, five feet three inches; Jennett, four 

 feet nine inches. A large proportion of the trees living are sound and in lively condi- 

 tion. 



The Milam has been planted more extensively in the orchards of this county than any 

 other. There are to-day more bearing trees of it than any other six varieties. It is a 

 staple production ; there are no orchards without it, and although a tender tree, there 

 are many orchards of from one to ten acres, and not a tree but Milams. It is as 

 popular here among apples as the Bartlett is among pears. This fruit has been so 

 abundant that I have seen them cribbed like corn, in rail pens, hy the thousand bushels 

 in a single orchard, with no other protection than a lining of straw and covering of 



