258 



TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTHERN 



The application of fish lirine late in tlu' tall, recommended ))y Mr. Hofeinson, of Galena, to addle 

 the eggs, is worlli y of furtlier trial. It is probable that the small (iiiantity of oil in tlic brine had some 

 effect. 



KEMEDIES APTEK HATCHING. 



The soft soap applied with a brush. It is better to applj' it soon, but will destroy them after hatched 

 during the remainder of tlie summer. Tlie rough barli sliould lie carefully scrajied before using it. 



Cobalt is certainly destructive to Ihc young louse, but takes the leaves also, and re<iuires so much 

 care in handling that I cannot recommend it. 



On the 7th day of last .Tune, when tlie louse was in the active state, I applied to one tree Itadly in- 

 fested, lye from ashes, which I. judged to l>e lialf tlie strength used in nudcing soap. It toolv the lice, 

 leaves and young growth all ort'. The tree did not die but soon put out leaves, not so large or numer- 

 ous as before, except on the fruit spurs— they were killed. 



The same strength of lye was reduced half and applied to another tree with no perceptible effect on 

 the lice and slight damage to tlie leaves. 



One quart of soft soap to a pail of water, making a strong suds, was tried on another tree with no 

 good result. This should Ije tried with a much larger proportion of soap, say one tliird. But it will 

 then take the leaves. 



Lime water has been used with the lime stirred up when used, and applied witli a syringe. It took 

 otf the young apples, a part of the leaves, and a large share of the lice. 



Carbolic Acid— A .weak solution was tried without effect. The medicinal solution found at the 

 drug stores is too weak and expensive. It is my intention to try the crude as being cheaper and 

 more efficient. Six ounces of the solution (costing 5U cents) as found at the drug store, in eight 

 quarts of water, had no effect on the leaves or lice. 



A dry brush will destroy all it touches, but many hide out of its reach. We use the common black- 

 ing brush in applying lard or soap. 



The infested branches soon after hatching have been dipped in a strong decoction of tobacco with- 

 out any effect on the lice. 



The decoction of (luassia which I discovered by experiments over twenty years since as being so 

 certainly destructive to the leaf louse or aphis, has no effect on the young bark louse. 



The Asiiidlotus, Harrissii, or American white variety, is quite as destructive to the apple and pear 

 as the ovster shell or brown variety when it is as numerous. It looks something like a sprinkling of 

 whitewash on the body and limbs. Tills kind is severe on tlie pear tree, whereas the brown is never 

 numerous enough to injure it. Tlie eggs are of a reddisli color, an<l the young hatcli only a short time 

 later (a day or two) tlian the oyster shell variety, ami are a red atom. The remedies the same. 



CiKOGHAPHICAI, KANGE. 



Mr. C. V. TJiiey, State Entomologist for Missouri, informs us that southern and central ^Missouri is 

 exenipt' but some are found in the northern part of that State. In Michigan the damage is slight. 

 The saii'ie also in southern Illinois: but northern Illinois and Wisconsin are badly infested. The 

 wliite variety cannot endure long-conlinued intense cold. All will recollect the first ten days of 

 January about seven years ago. In my neighborhood there were many of the wliite variety— not 

 one has been seen since that cold winter. 



Nurserymen in grafting shouM remember that the newly hatched lice will go on to the young growth 

 •isfar as it is developed. 15nt as most of tlie growth is afterwards, they are only found from one to 

 five inches on the vouug growth. Great care should be observed not to inclu.le them in grafting. 

 As before mentioned the brush is used: also a large pewter syringe with a rose of tin, pierced with 

 numerous holes and soldered to the spout. Page's hand imiiip, costing al)out five doIUirs, is an excel- 

 lent instrument for wetting the tree with any liquid . As it will throw water twenty feet or more it is 

 valualile in case of an incipient Are. 



Not the least reliance should be placed on the various receijits and nostrums and poisoned nails 

 vended by itinerant peddlers. They are as I know, sometimes backed up by forged certificates, and 

 all undoubtedly are unmitigated humbugs. 



Some entire young orchards, newly transplanted, have been destroyed by applyingfish oil or strong 



solutions of potash to the bark of the young trees. We offer this as a caution. 



soiuiioii u 1 ^ ^ MYGATT. 



Richmond, III., Jan. 20, 1870. 



Several members spoke on this subject. The result appeared that an insect called 

 c^carius malus and the lady-birds are the most effective in their destruction. 



