284 



TRAiJSACTIONS OF THE NORTHERN 



in the garden. Cai-pinus Americana (Hop Horuloeam), though a small tree, fm-iiishes a unique and 

 beautiful wood. Ceanothus Americanus (Red Root), unimportant (except to the man who walks 

 between the liandles of a breaking plow) . Cerasus "Serotina (the Cabinet Cherry) grows rapidly 

 and is very v;iluable to the cabinet maker. C. Virginiana and C. Pennsylvanica are ornamental tree 

 shrubs. The Crataegus or Hawthorn family, represented by C. Tomentosa, C. Pyrifolia, C. Coccinea, 

 C. Crus Galli, C. Cordala, C. Punctata, C. Flava, C. Pubescens, and C. Mollis, seems to have but 

 little use if we excejit C. Coccinea, which is used as a stock upon which to graft the pear, and C. Crus 

 Galli and C. Cordata, which have been used for hedges. The Coruus or Dogwood family, represented 

 by C. Alternifolia, C. Stolonifera, C. Pauiculata, C. Sericea and C. Asperifolia, are only ornamental, 

 some of them not even that. Clematis Virginiana and C. Ochroleuca (Virgin's Bower) are orna- 

 mental. Dirca Palustris (Leather "Wood) oddly soft and strong in its fibres. Diervilla Trrflda (Bush 

 Honej'suckle) unimportant. Euonj-mus Atropurpureus (the Strawberry Tree) is pretty and desirable. 



The Fraxinus or Ash family of five members, are all useful and valuable ; F . Americana (White Ash) 

 is a great implement timber and is readily grown ; F. Pubescens (Red Ash) is so good that it is gene- 

 rally taken for white ash, and grows faster; F. Viridis (Green Ash, also mistaken for "White Ash), very 

 good, but grows a little slower; F. Quadrangulata (Blue Ash) is extremely tough and a very valuable 

 wood. P. Sambucifolia (Black Ash), a poor fuel; is useful for all splint work. Gymnocladus Cana- 

 densis (the Coflee Ti^ee) is an odd looking rather slow growing tree of valuable cabinet wood. Gle- 

 ditschia Triacanthus (the Honey Locust) is more valuable than most people think. It appears that it 

 may take the place of the too tender Osage Orange to make us hedges and the wood is valuable. 

 Hamamelis Virginica ("V\^itch Hazel) is peculiar for its winter inflorescence. Juuiperus Virginiana 

 (Red Cedar) with the most durable timber, is highly ornamental. Juglans Cinerea and J. Nigra 

 (the "Walnuts) are splendid cabinet woods, easily raised. Black Walnut has dethroned the former 

 king of woods, the Tropical Mahogan}^ and now reigns in his stead. LonlceraParviflora ("^^oodbine), 

 not strikingly handsome . Morus Rubra (the Red Mulberry) , though generally barren of fruit, is yet a 

 handsome wood. Ostrya Virginica (Ii-on W^ood), erect and lithe. Ptelea Trifoliata (Shrub Trefoil, 

 cousin of the Alanthus) is somewhat ornaniental. Prunus Americana (the "O'ild Plum) is a fair ex- 

 ample of variations in nature running into innumerable varieties; some of them, especially the free 

 stones, worthy of cultivation. Pyrus Coromu'ia (the Crab apjjle), with a flower of delicious fragrance, 

 is at least oruamentid. Populus Angulata, P. Monilifera, P. Tremuloides and P. Grandidentata (the 

 Poplars and Cottonwoods) will grow on the great plains and may there, be of great importance. 

 Quercus Nigra, Q. Rubra, Q. Tincloria, Q. Coccinea, Q. Monticola, Q. Castauea, Q. Alba, Q. Obtu- 

 siloba, Q. Ollvaeformis, Q. Macrocarpa, Q. Discolor and Q, Palustris (the Oaks) are beyond com- 

 putation valuable, so valuable that ever}- one knows and recognizes their worth. 



Rhus Glabra (Sumac) may be a source of revenue to the countr}', if properly collected and cured, as 

 a tanning agent. R. Radicans and R. Toxicodendron (Poisoulvj-) not desirable. Rosa Nitida, R. 

 Blanda, and R. Setigera (the Roses), in nature rather plain, have in cultivation sported into beauty. 

 Rubus Villosus, Blackberry; R. Canadensis, Dewberry; R. Triflorus, dwarf Raspberry; R. Strigosus, 

 Red Raspberry; R. Oecidentalis, Black Raspberry, well known. Ribes Floridum, Black Currant; 

 R. Rotundifolium, R. Cynasbati, and R. Lacustre, Goosberries.well known. Smilax Rotundifolium 

 and S. Hispidum (GreenBriars) sometimes cultivated for ornament. StaphyleaTrifolia, Bladder Nut, 

 on ornamental shrub. Sambucus Canadensis. Elderberry, cultivated for its berries. Spirea Opuli- 

 folia, S. Salicifolia, and S. Tomentosa, the native Spireas, are all beautiful. Salix Tristis, S. Humilis, 

 S. Eriocephala, S. Sericea, S. Petiolaris, S. Augustata, S. Fragilis, S. Nigra, and S. Lucida, the 

 "VN'illows, are a few of them ornamental, and one or two useful in osier work. Tillia Americana, 

 Basswood, a fine and healthy ornamental tree. 



Taxus Canadensis, American yew, is too much neglected, trailing evergreen, of beautiful foliage 

 and fruit. Ulmus Americana, white elm, a noble ornamental tree, and "U. Racemosa and LT. Fulvia, 

 the rock and red elms, are well worthy of cultivation, the rock elm especially, for fuel and lumber. 

 Viburnum Lentago, V. Prunifolium, V. Pubescens, V. Opulus and V. Nudum are all ornamental; 

 some, the V. Opulus or cranberry tree aud V. Prunifolium or tree haw, are really beautiful. 



Vitis Cordifolia and V. Aestivalis, 'the grapes, well known; Xanthoxylum Americana, prickly ash, 

 ornamental; Fraxinus? an ash which seems to be a dwarf, but not yet fully determined. Pinus 

 Strobus, the white pine, whose body makes apart of every American house, is, if there be any such 

 a thing, the tree of universal utilitj-. Surely I need not say for what white pine is useful. 



For ornament or for use. for show or for profit, we have here a sufficient choice, aud it but remains 

 to plant and cultivate. 



DK. "W^VKDER'S LECTURE. 



It was anuouuced that the Doctor, who had borne the cogiiomeii, "The Great 

 American Pomologist," would lecture on Orchard Culture. He "Was so much inter- 

 ested in McAfee's lecture, that instead of fruit culture, he took timber cultm-e as his 



