82 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ILLINOIS 



Mr. Augustine — Some varieties are good in one locality, some 

 in another, then there are varieties that once did well, but now have 

 degenerated. Changes are constantly occurring, yet every farm 

 should have an orchard, and if you can ascertain what is suited to 

 your location, we, as nurserymen, will endeavor to grow you the 

 trees. 



A. H. Gaston — The Duchess stock, top-worked, is the road to 

 success. 



J. Webster — Then Ave have a hard road to travel. The 

 Duchess, top-worked, does badly with me. The stock and scions do 

 not form a perfect union. I would prefer seedlings for stock. 



Mr. Augustine — We have a sufficient number of apples now 

 that will stand anywhere in the state. 



Mr. H. D. Brown — I sold 1,100 Ben Davis to one man and they 

 were well cared for, he did not lose one per cent. Many trees die of 

 bad management. 



Mr. Lathrop (of Iowa) — Like produces like. We may raise 

 hardy trees when we use only hardy seeds. A few choice, hardy 

 winter varieties are wanted. We must work for them. For in- 

 stance, we take a Duchess tree and top work a portion with Jonathan. 

 This will produce cross fertilization. Plant these seeds and good re- 

 sults are likely to follow this course of procedure. It will take a 

 little time, but the labor will not be lost. Possibly we may obtain 

 something among all of the Russians, but it is quite as possible to 

 obtain something by chance; but cross fertilization and selection is 

 the scientific road to improvement. 



Mr. J. W. Robison — Many of our mqst valuable and hardy 

 trees are from the south, and some of our most tender ones are from 

 Russia. 



Mr. D. Shank — Each locality must determine by actual trial 

 what varieties are suited to their special conditions of soil, climate, 

 etc. I think this is about all we can hope for. 



Adjourned. 



