102 



TRANSACTIONS OF THE ILLINOIS 



appear, as some trials of the method which I made in the nursery 

 during the hist summer showed. Where the knxf -rollers are present 

 at the same time, the liquid may be made to also serve, as suggested 

 by Prof. Forbes, for the application of the arsenites by stirring in 

 London Purple or Paris Green in the usual proportions. On young 

 trees in the orchard these pests may be killed by spraying with kero- 

 sene emulsion or tobacco water, being careful to apply the spray to 

 the under surface of the leaves. 



THE LEAF CRUMPLER. 



PJijjcis indigeneUa^ Zeller. v 



This is one of the most conspicuous of orchard pests, and is 

 very abundantly distributed throughout Illinois and adjacent states. 

 I have found it the past season in all the nurseries and orchards 

 that I have examined, in at least a dozen counties of the State. It 

 is often v^ery seriously destructive, but is so easily subdued that there 

 is no excuse for the orchardist or nurseryman who tolerates it. 



If any of my readers will take the trouble to examine the trees 

 of the next apple orchard they visit, I doubt not that they will find. 



more or less abundant, on the 

 twigs certain masses of brown 

 and withered leaves, attached to 

 each other and to the twigs by 

 means of silken threads. If these 

 leaves are pulled apart there will 

 be found within them a long, 

 crumpled horn-like case, aiul if 

 the examination be carried still 

 further, within this case there 

 will be found a brown wrinkled 

 worm. This is the creature that 

 years ago was named by Mr. 

 Walsh, the first State Entomolo- 

 gist of Illinois, the Rascal Leaf- 

 Crumpler, liecause of its habit of 

 and devouring the 



^^S2> 



crumpling 

 leaves. 



Early 

 the flower 



Apple-Lkaf Crumplbr— a, worm case; b, 

 case attached to limb ; c, head and anterior 



next spring, just as 

 and leaf-buds are be- 

 ginning to expand under the un- 

 _ certain rays of the April sun, 



segments ]of caterpillar enlarged; rf, perfect these little creatures will opeil Up 



™° ■ the mouths of their cases and 



move to the nearest bud, where they will break their long fast by 

 devouring the unfolding leaves, a process which is continued for a 

 few weeks, or until the larvoe become full grown, usually some time 



