108 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ILLINOIS 



is the pump, nozzle and an ordinary water pail or similar vessel. If 

 Paris Green is used, mix in the proportion of one ounce to three 

 gallons of water, or one pound to fifty gallons water. London Pur- 

 ple may be used in the proportion of one ounce to five gallons of 

 water, or one pound to eightj^ gallons water. 



SUMMMARY. 



Briefly recapitulating the facts concerning the pests above dis- 

 cussed, we get the following: (1) The Woolly Aphis attacks the 

 trunks and roots of the trees, and should be killed by hot water, to- 

 bacco water or kerosene emulsion. (2) The Apple Plant Louse infests 

 the foliage; it is difficult to combat this insect in the orchard, though 

 spraying with kerosene emulsion or strong tobacco water helps, but 

 in the nursery, dip the tips of the trees in one of these solutions. 

 (3) The Leaf-Crumpler is one brooded, and lives over winter on the 

 bare twigs, and should be then picked off. (4) The Leaf-Skeleton- 

 izer is two-brooded, and lives on the upper surface of the leaves 

 under a slight web; spray infested trees with Paris Green. (5) The 

 Lesser Leaf-Roller is three-brooded; it folds and devours the young 

 terminal leaves; crush the first brood, by the hand, or spray with 

 Paris Green. 



The owner of a young orchard will also be wise to heed the two 

 following general suggestions: 



1. Examine all trees, before planting, for adhering insects, and 

 destroy any that may be formed. 



2. So far as possible, keep the trees from leaf -eating insects for 

 the first few years. One or two arsenical spraying, in May and June, 

 will greatly aid in accomplishing this. 



1 think that the following rules, for the management of nursery 

 stock, will also commend themselves, without further explanation, to 

 the practical common sense of those intelligent nurserymen who ap- 

 preciate the necessity of fighting their insect foes. 



1. So far as possible rotate nursery crops with each other and 

 with other farm and garden crops. 



2. Give clean culture, keep premises clean; so far as practicable, 

 burn fallen leaves. 



3. Stamp out the beginnings of injury, especially during the 

 early part of the growing season. 



4. Thoroughly strip all trees before sending out, and if infected 

 with Woolly Aphis, treat so as to destroy the pests. 



5. Examine all importations from other nurseries, and, if any 

 signs of insects are present, either burn the trees or treat them so as 

 to destroy the pests. 



Mr. Kellogg — In the press of business, the best paper I have 

 heard, during this meeting, was passed over last evening without a 



