STATE HOKTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 113 



shed, the apples fall chiefly on account of insect injuries, and the 

 ratios rise accordino;ly. I ought to add that the check trees hore 

 2,964 apples, and the experimental trees 2,418. 



Before passing to the discussion of the experiments of the 

 present season, it will be necessary to compare the consequences of 

 the difference in the prevailing conditions of this year and those of 

 last, as affecting the codling moth iiupiiries in the orchard. I have 

 already given you a general account of the differences between the 

 two years, and the manner in which these influenced tbe codling 

 moth is exhibited in Diagram 11, where the iojiger open bands show 

 tJie ratios of injury, in 1885, to four untreated trees l)earing 6,825 

 apples in all; and the shorter, solid bands that to 4,916 apples on 

 four untreated trees, in 1886. The two sets of bands cannot be 

 brought into exact comparison, because they do not cover precisely 

 the same periods, that for 1885 beginning later in the spring (the 

 season w^as more backward), and relating only to summer apples, 

 while the set for 1886 relates to fall and winter apples only. 



A few interesting facts can, however, be made out. We notice 

 in the first place the small ratio of injury shown by the solid bands, 

 as compared with the open at the beginning of the season, due to 

 the fact that the crop of 1886 was very heavy, the trees setting full 

 in the spring and dropj»ing a large per centage of their fruit during 

 the first four weeks. The difference between the two sets of trees, 

 July 16th, w^as about forty-five per cent., the damage to the apples 

 this year being at that date only about twelve per cent. By the 

 end of the season the codling moth injuries to fruit remaining on 

 the trees amounted this year to about fifty-six percent, of that exhib- 

 ited last, while the total injury to all fallen fruit was about seventy 

 per cent, tliat of the year preceding. 



The experiments for 1886 to be first noticed, Avere intended to 

 bring out the comparative results of spraying once, twice and thrice 

 with Paris Green so early in the season as to avoid any i)ossible 

 danger from the poisoning of the ripened fruit. Two sets of ex 

 periments were made for this purpose. In the first, trees of the 

 same variety (the Snow apple, or /V/m^se) were used both for the 

 experiment and for the check, wbile in the second series various 

 varieties were treated, care being taken, however, to select the best 

 available companion for each experimental tree. 



I will first run rapidly through the Fannise series, since these 

 were nuuh the most uniform. It will be seen from Diagram Til 

 that the single sjjraying of May 11 had a very appreciable effect 

 upon the damage by the codling moth, even in the beginning of the 

 season, but was still more evident later. Without entering into un- 

 necessary details, it will Ije sufficient to say that the results show a 

 preservation to ripening of fifty-five per cent, of the fruit subject to 

 fall i'roin codling moth injuries. It will be seen also that there was 

 a corresponding benefit evident in the condition of the picked fruit, 



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