STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 115 



being four per cent., and the picked a])ples three per cent. Or, stated 

 in another form, the i-atio of benefit shown by the picked fruit was 

 ninety-tivp per cent., while ninety-one per cent, of the apples liable to 

 fall from codling moth injuries were preserved to ripening by the 

 Paris Green. 



This tree was low and broad, and not too leafy, and was thus 

 more thoroughly sprayed from the ground than the other experi- 

 mental trees. There is also a possible lack of proper correspondence 

 between the tree and its check, to be taken into account in connec- 

 tion with this remarkable and exceptional result. 



For a summary exhibit of the final issues of the Paris Green ex- 

 periments for both years, we may refer to Diagram VIII, where it 

 will be seen, in a word, that, for 1885, eighty-seven per cent, of the 

 fruit ex})osed to damage by the codling moth was preserved to ripen- 

 ing by the poisons applied; and that fifty-eight per cent, of the 

 picked fruit had been thus preserved; or, that taking picked and fal- 

 len fruit together, sixty-nine per cent., which would otherwise have 

 been sacrificed, had been saved by our remedial measure. 



During 1886, again, seventy-three per cent, were saved from fal- 

 ling by a single spraying, seventy-seven per cent, by two, and about 

 seventy-two per cent, by three. The difference ujifavorable to the 

 last was doubtless due to accidental differences in trees and treatment. 



The benefit to the picked fruit apparent, from a single spraying, 

 stands at forty-seven per cent., and that from twice spraying, at 

 ninety per cent., while that from thrice spraying falls away, again, 

 to seventy-seven per cent. Or, summarizing still more briefly, we 

 may say, in general, that the results of once or twice spraying with 

 Paris Green, in early spring, before the young apples had droO])ed 

 upon their stems, resulted in a saving of about seventy-fice per cent, of 

 the apples exposed to injury by the codling moth. 



■ I wish especially to emphasize the fact that the results now ob- 

 tained are drawn from computations so made that they may be expected 

 to hold good without reference to conditions, other than variations 

 in the treatment itself. I cannot enter here into details of the 

 method by which these conclusions have been reached, and will only 

 say that the ratios just given are really the ratios of apples effectively 

 poisoiied by the Paris Green treatment as applied by us, and that 

 these ratios will, evidently, not vary either with the abundance of 

 the a])|)les or with the abundance of the codling moths. This view 

 is, in fact, substantiated l)y the essential agreement between the re- 

 sults' of last year and this under conditions as widely different as it 

 would be possible to find by ten years' waiting. 



Further, it is esi)ecially to be noted that the final summaries of 

 injury are much greater in our experiments than they would have 

 been if all the trees in the orchard had been treated, as in the prac- 

 tical application of this method in the field. Since we purposely left 

 as many trees untouched as we sprayed, and since, in our experiments 

 of this year, the trees under observation were surrounded by other 



