STATE HORTICULTUEAL SOCIETY. 119 



punctures made by these insects form a nidus for a fungus growth, 

 which is the principal cause of deformity in the apple. 



Mr. Webster — When in Central Iowa last fall I found the apple 

 crop entirely spoiled by these insects; and as they had no fruit the 

 year before in which they could breed, it was a question in my mind 

 why they should be so numerous. 



Mr. Lathrop — AVhen our cultivated fruits fail I think they 

 breed in the crab apple and wild plum. 



Prof. Forbes — Prof. Burrill has been investigating this subject 

 of the deformity of the apple, and has come to the conclusion that 

 it is not entirely due to insect de])redations. Perhaps if he was 

 present he could explain to Mr. Webster that the injury to the apple 

 crop was not caused entirely by insect depredations. 



Mr. Augustine — The leaf roller, the skeletonizer and some 

 other pests of this class, can not be reached with these poisonous 

 applications. In the nursery we destroy them by hand-picking. I 

 did this in my nursery at an expense of three dollars an acre. We 

 who have heard the very interesting papers of Prof. Forbes and Mr. 

 Weed can readily understand what a vast amount of work has been 

 been done by our State Entomologist and his able assistants, and I 

 move we show our appreciation of this work by a rising vote of 

 thanks. 



Motion carried. 



In response to a call for a report of the Committee on Utilizing 

 Fruits, Mr. J. T. Johnson read the following: 



UTILIZING FRUITS. 

 BY R. W. NIEL. 



I have l)een called ui)un by the Secretary of this Society to fur- 

 nish a paper on " Utilizing Fruits," and shall endeavor in a brief 

 way to give you my experience as a horticulturalist. I will begin 

 with the apple. And the first thing is to raise the best for market 

 and family use. We must raise the apple that the people want. It 

 must be one of good color and good size, not too sour nor too sweet. 



We have too many varieties that do not pay for planting. T 

 will name a few that I would plant for winter use: lien Davis, 

 Rome Beauty, Willow Twig, Wine Sap, Rhenish May and Neil's 

 Keeper, in the })lace of Janet. 



