122 TEANSACTIONS OF THE ILLINOIS 



Mr. F. C. Johnson — In answer to questions, it takes two years 

 to make vinegar, by the slow process, from cider, without the addi- 

 tion of water. The addition of a small per cent, of vinegar will 

 greatly advance the work. 



The following short but valuable paper was now read by the 

 Secretary: 



HOW TO PRODUCE NEW APPLES. 



BY CHAS. PATTEESON, KIRKSVILLE, MISSOURI. 



In the first settlement of the country, a large number of seed- 

 ling orchards were planted, for various reasons, which are now super- 

 seded. From these the majority of our standard varieties were 

 selected. Importations from less favored countries than ours, pro- 

 duced by far less intelligence than we possess, should be encouraged, 

 but can not reasonably be expected to fully meet our wants. Expe- 

 rimental productions, and plantings by a few patriotic men like Pro- 

 fessor Budd, Mr. Gideon and others, are necessarily too limited and 

 slow for our demands. We want not only almost an entirely new 

 assortment of iron-clads for the north, but there is an unanimous 

 and almost urgent demand for more satisfactory varieties in the more 

 favored districts elsewhere. And to meet these wants is the object 

 of this humble paper. Let our nurserymen procure small quantities 

 of such seed as they would expect best success from; plant it and 

 select the best seedlings for growing into trees. Sell one or more of 

 these with every bill, or throw them in as a present. In this way 

 we could have one hundred thousand bearing seedling orchard trees 

 in a few years, and could reasonably expect some of them to prove 

 valuable, and which we would not fail to hear from in the future. 



Mr. Lathrop — This is a subject worthy of our attention. Years 

 ago, an Iowa lady, being East, saved seeds from some of the popular 

 varieties of that time. An orchard was planted with trees grown 

 from these seeds, and the fruit is following the type of the varieties 

 from which the seeds were taken. Among them is a Striped Rambo 

 which is very promising. 



