382 TRANSACTIONS OF THE HORTICULTURAL 



feet in the row. ' Keep off all suckers; cultivate same as black caps. 

 The red raspberry will do well for fifteen years without renewing. 

 The Turner, with me, is the hardiest, best and most productive red 

 sort. It has not failed to produce a crop for the past fifteen years, 

 during which time the thermometer has indicated thirty degrees be- 

 low zero. I prefer to pull out the dead canes early in the spring. 

 The old canes are some protection during the winter. It also saves 

 the work of cutting, as they can be easily broken off the latter part 

 of the winter or early spring, if done when the wood is dry; but in 

 no case should the canes be handled when they are frozen. 



The blackberry delights in a sandy soil, one that will hold mois- 

 ture during a dry time. If the land is not dry the leaves are liable 

 to rust and the canes do not make a good growth. I prefer rows 

 seven to eight feet apart and two and one-half to three feet in the 

 rows. By planting them so close and picking off when four feet 

 high, makes them perfectly safe from being broken off by the wind. 

 The land does not want to be enriched as heavy as for the raspberry, 

 as the roots run a long distance. To make the blackberry do its 

 best, they should be mulched, or keep the cultivator going till the 

 berries are gone, going through them every few days immediately 

 after picking off the ripe berries. I like, for all purposes, the 

 Snyders and Wilson's Early. To cover the canes, I bend them down 

 in the fall and put on a little earth to hold them to their place. 

 Covering them too early, while the leaves are on, is not safe. The 

 best way to cover them is to use a small plow and one horse, throw- 

 ing on a furrow from each side, finishing up with a spade and hoe. 

 If the canes are laid down in proper shape, the soil can mostly be 

 taken away with the cultivator in the spring, when the canes can be 

 lifted with a fork. 



Most kinds of dewberries will fruit better if planted near or 

 among blackberries. Some twelve years ago I bought 100 dewberry 

 plants of a Rochester firm. The plants made a heavy growth every 

 year and blossomed full, but only a few poor-shaped berries. It so 

 happened that I planted a block of blackberries along side of the 

 dewberries. When the blackberries came into bearing, I was sur- 

 prised to find the dewberries fruiting, and have continued to fruit 

 ever since. This is no fancy sketch, but is an actual fact. I often 

 read of the poor, good-for-nothing, worthless, dewberry, but the 

 fact is that the dewberry is all right, but, like the Crescent seedling 

 strawberry, and many other choice fruits, it needs fertilizing to pro- 

 duce the best results. 



DISCUSSION. 

 Mr. Minier asked if Arborvitae would grow from cuttings? 



Prof. Budd — Siberean Arborvitae grows from cuttings. Make 

 your cuttings in the fall and put them in sand in boxes, with holes 



