Addresses — Vaeities op Apples. 195 



money by it, I may be over careful in selecting varieties for the 

 northwest, as it must be evident to every thinking man that there 

 is no safety in planting an orchard of trees that cannot be relied 

 on to endure the probable extremes of cold in the locality where 

 they are to grow. This is a conclusion that we sooner or later 

 must come to; when we look around and see the dead and dying 

 trees that once were cared for, and now are despised and neglected, 

 we cannot but conclude somebody has made a mistake — the man 

 who sold, or the man who bought. To make fruit or apple growing a 

 success there must be a limit fixed by two facts; first, the probable 

 intensity of the cold, and the possible resisting powers of the trees. 

 And now comes another point to be considered in this subject, 

 that is, different localities in the same latitude. I may be wrong in 

 my conclusions, but in this essay I can only give you my opinion, 

 formed as it has been by six years of tree planting and apple grow- 

 ing in the northwest. 



Now for the varieties. They being so few, I am obliged to write 

 something by way of an introduction or my paper would not be 

 noticed, especially by nurserymen. In the valleys and on the 

 open prairies which abound in the northwest, the only varieties 

 that I would consider adapted, and they not always certain, would 

 be Transcendent, No. 20, and Hyslop crabs, Duchess, Wealthy and 

 Fameuse, standard apples; and if any one engaged in growing 

 apples, or contemplates growing, should think this list too small, 

 I would increase it by adding more Duchess. And then the only 

 way to be successful with the six varieties I have named, would be 

 to plant a few trees of each variety every year; and by keeping 

 them well 'mulched and cared "for, any farmer could raise apples 

 sufficient for his own wants; and that is no small item. 



But if the location should be in the timber lands or on elevated 

 clay soil underlaid or mixed with limestone, I would make a few 

 additions to the foregoing list, but with the warning to all growers, 

 to care well for the trees; plant none but healthy and vigorous two 

 or three year olds; mulch well, and make up your mind that 

 when the thermometer runs to thirty or forty degrees below zero, 

 your crop of fruit the next summer will do but little in supplying 

 your family or paying ten per cent, interest. Well, what are the 

 additions? I would add Red Astrachan and Tetofsky for early 

 apples, but would go very light on the first. For fall, I would set 



