232 Wisconsin State Horticultural Society. 



only the vernal species come out in the spring, but numbers of the 

 autumnal species are delayed till the warm days in March or the 

 first of April. The larva is a ten -legged looper, pale green to 

 brown, with narrow stripes of yellow. All we have to do to con- 

 trol these canker-worms is to devise means to prevent the female 

 from crawling up the trunks of the trees to deposit her eggs. 

 Many devices have been invented, and many of these, if used un- 

 derstandingly, will prove successful. 



As all these worms must go into the ground in order to undergo 

 their metamorphosis, and as the female is wingless, we can have 

 perfect control of them. Adhesive mixtures put on the trunks, 

 wisps of cotton batting or any other fine fibrous substance suitable 

 to entrap these creeping nuisances, will generally be effective. 



The yellow-necked apple-tree worm, Datana ministria. Few 

 worms excite more alarm than do these large caterpillars, as they 

 live together in families. They commence eating at the extremity 

 of the branch and devour every green thing as they descend. 

 When feeding, they huddle together on the under surface of the 

 leaves, with their heads all one way. The moth begins to appear 

 the last of July. The eggs are deposited in one pack on the un- 

 der side of the leaf. The larva? are plump and covered with soft 

 hairs. The first segment (neck) is marked wilh a pale yellow band. 

 The upper side of the worm has narrow double dorsal and four 

 narrow lateral cream colored stripes; head black, without spots. 

 The yellow neck will sufficiently distinguish these large worms. 

 May their number be small. 



Tussock Moth, Orygia leucostigma. During the winter little 

 bunches of dead leaves are frequently seen fastened together on 

 our orchard trees, apple, etc. These are the cocoons having egg 

 masses fastened to their sides. These eggs hatch about the middle 

 of May and the curiously beautiful tufted caterpillar commences 

 his work, never in company, singly, but never profitably to the 

 horticulturist. The larva is ornamented with four dorsal tufts on 

 the third, fourth, fifth and sixth rings. A single bunch of long 

 black graduated hairs spring from the tail and two similar ones 

 from the first segment. On each side there is a series of colored 

 spots ornamented with hairs. Those worms that are to produce 

 females go through one more molt than those that are destined to 

 produce males. Although the females are without wings, we have 



