Addresses — Injuries to the Apple and Grape. 233 



not quite so much control as we would if the transformation took 

 place in the ground. Still, with care in destroying the eggs, we 

 may limit their injury within reasonable bounds. 



Catocala nuptalis and catocala ultronia. I have found the 

 larvte of these two species of catocalas on the apple tree. I never 

 caught them feeding, hence I suppose they feed only at night. 

 These caterpillars stretched out at full length, resemble so closely 

 the twigs to which they adhere, that it is extremely difficult to see 

 them. We have taken at Racine 43 species of these large showy 

 noctuiadaj. They feed on the leaves of various trees, hickory, oak, 

 willow, poplar, etc. 



Codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella. So much has been writ- 

 ten about the life history of this destroyer of the democratic apple 

 that I will only refer you to the writings of Harris, Fitch and Riley 

 for any wished for information. 



Apple leaf crumpler, Phloxopteris nubeculana. This specie of 

 Tortrix proves to be a serious pest in many sections, and from their 

 small size and the manner of their operations we have less control 

 than over larger and more conspicuous insects. Each worm works 

 for himself, sews two or three leaves together to serve as a protec- 

 tion against enemies; but although alone, there are quite enough 

 neighbors close by. It is generally true that the smaller the insect, 

 the more the injury. They make up in numbers what they lack in 

 size. There are several other species of Tortricidce found in the 

 orchard, but their injury is of small account when compared with 

 the leaf roller. I intend to study this insect carefully, and experi- 

 ment with various devices looking to their destruction. 



The apple tree borer, Saperda bivittata. It is a fortunate thing 

 that this borer should be so rare in Wisconsin. It belongs to the 

 longicorn beetles, all of which bore into trees and shrubs, or rather 

 the larvre do. You all know the locust clytus that has nearly ex- 

 terminated this tree at Racine at least. 



I have 50 species of these Capricorn beetles, all taken in Wiscon- 

 sin. One of the handsomest of these insects is the maple borer. 



New York curculio, Ithycerus novebaracensis. This large species 

 of curculio does not escape the bad reputation of the entire family. 

 Some years this insect is quite numerous, doing considerable dam- 

 age to young apple trees. They girdle the small branches at night 

 and hide away under clods and rubbish near the foot of the tree 



