294 



"Wisconsin State Horticultural Society. 



last described. In the months of June, July and August, they may 

 be found, on the south or southwest side of the trees, basking in 

 the sunshine. The color of the upper side of their body is a 

 greenish black, necked with patches of gray, while the under side 

 is a bright copper color. Its length is about half an inch, but there 

 is considerable variation in this respect. It flies by day, and is 

 very active in its movements, darting away swiftly when attempts 

 are made to capture it. As it closely resembles the bark of the 

 tree in color, it cannot be easily detected when at rest on the tree, 

 "without special attention is directed to it. The eggs are generally 

 laid either singly, or two or three in a place, in the cracks or 

 crevices of the bark, or under the rough scales on the southwest 

 side of the tree, either on the body of the tree, or at the crotch. 

 Trees that are diseased, or that have been injured, are much more 

 liable to be attacked. The worm, as it hatches and burrows in the 

 bark, lives in the early stages of its growth on the inner bark and 

 sap wood; as it increases in size and strength it cuts its way into 

 the solid wood, sometimes eating through 

 the heart wood. The full grown larva is 

 described by Professor Thomas, as " about 

 seven-tenths of an inch in length. It is soft, 

 flesh like, and of a pale, yellow color. The 

 head is small, and immersed into the follow- 

 ing segment. The jaws are black. The 

 third segment is very broad and large, being 

 nearly twice the width of any of the poste- 

 rior segments; it is rather broader than long, <£? 

 having on the upper side a large, oval, cal- Fig- 15- Flat Headed- 

 lous like elevation, covered with numerous AppLE Tree Borep " 



a, fall grown larva; b, pupa; 



brown raised points." It usually works in a, perfect beetle. 



an upward direction, cutting an oval gallery, twice as broad as 

 high. In this the larva is always found, with its tail bent around 

 toward its head, in the position shown in figure 15. It remains in 

 the tree nearly a year; passes the pupa state in its hole, at the 

 upper extremity, near the bark. In June or July the perfect 

 beetle cuts its way through the bark, basks a few days in the sun- 

 light, performs its mission of perpetuating its species, and dies. 



The remedies usually employed to ward off and destroy both 

 these borers, are: first, smearing the trees with some substance- 



