62 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ILLINOIS 



upright and firmly in the ground, but they will not send up so many 

 suckers from the base of the tree. This question of apple-orcharding 

 has come to be a great question. The facilities for transportation have 

 put a different phase on the business, and it becomes those who contem- 

 plate planting orchards to consider, not so much the varieties that are 

 now in demand, but what varieties are likely to be in demand ten years 

 hence, when the trees now planting come into bearing. At present we 

 are satisfied with a r^^ apple, if its quality is not so good. But the time 

 is coming when quality in our fruits will be more considered than now. 

 The scope of country which is capable of producing apples is yearly 

 extending, and that region that can produce the finest and best apples 

 will by-and-by rule the markets. We are going to come into competition 

 with East and West. More apples will be raised than can be used in the 

 markets. We must plant the kinds that will successfully compete with 

 the world. We must study the markets that we propose to supply. We 

 need a different kind of an apple to ship South than we do to go North. 

 The large red Romanite is a kind of apple that sells well in the South. 

 It is not so good for the Northern markets as some other varieties. A 

 large red apple is the apple for the Southern market. Men are "children 

 of larger growth," and they like red things when it comes to apples. 

 And the South is going to be our permanent market for apples. We can 

 get the most money out of early apples, no doubt, by shipping North ; 

 but the markets for our winter varieties are going to be more and more 

 toward the South ; and, in planting, this fact should be recognized. The 

 Ben Davis is an apple that suits this market. No apple is better suited to 

 the wants of the South than the Ben Davis. The Southern market is 

 regulated by the looks of the apple, and the Ben Davis looks well, 

 although not so good in quality as some others. The Baldwin is another 

 very acceptable apple in this market. The Negro population take a 

 great portion of the apples shipped South, and they buy by the eye. If 

 an apple looks well, it is well. They do not know apples by their names. 

 If the apple proves really good, they will eat it all ; if it is not good, 

 they throw it away, and buy again. They "pay their money and take 

 their choice." 



Orchards are now being extensively planted in Nebraska, and in 

 Minnesota, and in all this Northwest, so that we must look to other than 

 the Chicago market to take our apples. We must look to the distant 

 Southern markets, and we must plant varieties that will keep, and that 

 will bear long transportation. The South cannot grow apples success- 



