STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 155 



The wingless females of the summer brood are somewhat less than 

 one-tenth of an inch long, of a pale greenish color, with the head 

 usually more yellow than the body. Stripes of a deeper green are 

 usually present on the back : sometimes there is but a single middle 

 stripe, with partial transverse ones at the joints of the segments. Eyes, 

 black ; beak, antennae and legs, whitish, with dusky tips ; honey-tubes 

 as long as from their base to the tip of the abdomen, dull whitish, with 

 black tips. 



The winged males and females measure about one-eighth of an inch 

 to the tip of the closed wings ; head and thorax black, the neck usually 

 green, abdomen a bright grass-green, with a row of black dots each side, 

 one dot on each segment ; on the under side of the abdomen, at the 

 tip, are two square, brown dots, and above, near the tip, often two or 

 three dark transverse stripes. Antennas black, scarcely as long as the 

 body ; the two basal joints short and ^thick, almost as broad as long ; 

 Hhird joint the longest of all, the sixth only about half as long as the 

 fifth or seventh. Legs, pale dull yellowish or whitish ; feet, tips of 

 the shanks and of the thighs, dusky, the hind thighs blackish, except 

 near the base. Wings transparent, but not perfectly pellucid ; the stigma 

 dull white. 



Dr. Fitch mentions the following variations in color : 



Antennae, brownish yellow; neck not green; thorax, dull green; 

 abdomen, yellowish; abdomen without black dots. 



The eggs, which look like minute, oval, shining black grains, are 

 deposited by the female, in the fall, in the little cracks and crevices of the 

 apple twigs, usually as deep as the insect is able to place them. When 

 these insects are very abundant, they are not so particular in reference to 

 hiding their eggs, but scatter them indiscriminately over the bark. These 

 eggs commence to hatch as soon as the buds begin to expand, and the 

 young, which are all females, locate themselves on the tender extremities 

 of the twigs, and on the small and tender leaves, as they unfold, and, 

 inserting their tiny beaks, commence at once to pump up the sap. These 

 reach maturity in about ten or twelve days, and by the viviparous genera- 

 tion before mentioned bring forth another brood of young larvse, each 

 individual producing two or three daily for a period of two or three weeks, 

 after which the parents perish. The young larvae, locating themselves 

 close around the mother, commence at once to pump up the sap. This 

 method of renewal, if not interrupted by some unfavorable influence, con- 

 tinues as heretofore described, until the commencement of cold weather 

 in October or November, varying somewhat with the season and locality. 

 The last brood consists of winged males and females. It is estimated 

 that during the existence of the summer broods, that on an average each 

 individual, under favorable circumstances, produces from twenty to forty 

 larvge ; a productiveness that, if not interrupted, would soon destroy all 

 vegetation on which they feed. But, fortunately, there are so many checks 

 upon them that we need have no fears of such a catastrophe :is this ; the 

 rains and snows of winter destroy a large portion of the eggs, when very 

 numerous and exposed ; warm spells in the fall or spring often cause many 



