232 ILLINOIS STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



ries. I want some practical information about birds.* Our essays and 

 discussions about them are of too general a character. We want to know 

 definitely of their habits. 



There was no response to this request. 



Mr. Piper — A gentleman of my acquaintance grows large crops of 

 Purple Cane raspberries by manuring very highly. 



Mr. Powell — I planted raspberries in my orchard seven years ago, 

 when the trees were planted; have cultivated the ground well and they are 

 still good and productive. I think they have withstood the cold winters 

 better that those outside the orchard. I would not set them in an old 

 orchard, but with young trees. My soil is a rich loam, two feet deep; 

 then one foot of lighter loam, beneath which is clay. I trim so as to 

 bring the fruit to the outside of the plants. I have not manured my 

 raspberries. 



The President — I have cultivated raspberries considerably, and 

 agree with those members who have spoken favorably of manuring liber- 

 ally. I have put three or four inches of manure upon Purple Canes with 

 a decided advantage. Doolittle planted on rich ground does first-rate. 

 Mammoth Cluster succeeds well on rich ground, but I don't consider it 

 as valuable as Doolittle. 



Mr. Galusha spoke of the "winter-killing," so called, of his black- 

 caps and Philadelphias, this and previous winters, and was confident it 

 was solely due to the ravages of a mite which sucks the juices from the 

 leaves, and thus prevents the canes from ripening. He said that you will 

 notice, about the time of the ripening of the fruit, that the older (lower) 

 leaves of the young canes begin to turn pale and soon drop off, and that 

 this work continues until there are but few leaves left, and these near the 

 tip of the cane. This insect, so small as not to be noticed with the naked 

 eye, seems to prefer the matured leaves, as the young and succulent ones are 

 not disturbed. This insect is very common now, there being few, if any, 

 plantations entirely free from it. He trusted that this, like most other in- 

 sect foes, would soon have had its day, and that we may grow fine crops 

 again. The Davison's Thornless was the most affected in this way, on 

 his grounds, being almost entirely destroyed ; next were the other black- 

 caps, then the Philadelphia. The Turner had been thus far exempt from 

 damage, and bore last season an average of one hundred and twenty-eight 

 quarts per row of twenty-five rods long. This, although not more than 



* See vol. ii., page 23, of Transactions. — Sec. 



