302 IXSTEUCTIOXS FOR SELECTING 



INSTEUCTIOXS FOR SELECTING SAMPLES FOR. ANALYSIS. 



Manures. — About halt' a dozen bags slioiikl be cliosen for sampling. Each 

 bag should be emptied out separately on a clean tloor, worked through with 

 a spade, and one spadeful taken out. The five or six spadefuls thus selected 

 should be mixed together until a uniform mixture is obtained. Of this 

 mixture one spadeful should be taken, spread on paper, and still more 

 thoroughly mixed ; any lumps which it may contain being broken down with 

 the hand. About half a pound of this mixture should be sent for analysis 

 in an air-tight box to prevent its gaining or losing moisture. Should there 

 be large haid lumps or stones present, five or six pounds are required for 

 analysis. 



N.B. — This should be done in the presence of a reliable mtness. Two 

 samples should be taken and sealed, the one sent on and the other retained 

 for reference in case of dispute. 



Feeding Mixtures. — These should be sampled m a similar manner. 



Feeding Cakes. — A cake should be broken across the middle, and, from the 

 break, a piece should be taken across the entire breadth of the cake and sent 

 for analysis. The rest of the cake should be kept for reference. 



Soils. — Dig a little trench about two feet deep, exposing the soil and sub- 

 soil. Cut from the side of this trench a perpendicular section of the soil 

 down to the top of the subsoil, and about four inches wide. Extract it 

 carefully, and do not allow the subsoil to mix with it. A similar section of 

 subsoil immediately below this sample should be taken and preserved 

 separately. Five or six similarly drawn samj^les should be taken from 

 ditferent parts of the field, and kept separate while being sent to the chemist, 

 that he may examine them individually before mixing in the laboratory. 



Waters. — The bottles or jars in which samjiles of M'ater are sent should be 

 thoroughly cleaned. This is done by first rinsing them with water, then "n-ith 

 a little oil of vitrol. After pouring this out the bottle should be rinsed six 

 times with water, filled, corked with a new washed cork, sealed, and sent 

 without delay. (Chemically clean bottles may be had at the laboratory.) 

 Well water may be collected at any time, but it should be allowed to run 

 for some time before the sample is taken. Spring or stream water should 

 be collected when the weather is dry. In the analysis of a mineral water it 

 may sometimes be desirable to determine the amount of gases held in solu- 

 tion, in which case certain precautions must be observed which require the 

 presence of the chemist at the spring. 



Scale of Fees. 

 Manures, ....... 



Feeding Stuff's, ....... 



Water, Sanitary Analysis, ..... 



„ Full Analysis, ...... 



Soil, Analytical Examiaation and Recommendation of Manures, 

 „ Full Analysis, ...... 



Partial Analysis, each constituent, .... 



Testing for Gross A(U;lteration, .... 



Advice, ........ 



Interpretation of Analyses. 



The following notes will be found useful in enabling those unacquainted 

 with chemistry to interpret analytical reports : — 

 I. MANURES. 



The three items of greatest importance in manures are phosphoric acid, 

 nitrogen, and potash. 



