AND METEOROLOGY OF THE YEAR RELATIVE THERETO. 310 



average, falling at a few jilaces to a deficit of T, whilst at 

 other places a deficiency of only a de<;ree and a half was recorded. 

 As regards the rainfall, different districts were contrasted with 

 each other in the strongest possible manner. On the one hand, 

 over the whole west, from C'rinan northwards, the rainfall was 

 under the average, amounting at places near tiie coast to only 

 half the rainfall of the month. On the other hand fully double 

 the average rainfall was recorded at Dundee, St Andrews, Loch 

 Leven, Kothesay, Paisley, CJlasgow, the rentlands, Kdinl)urgh, 

 Leith, Dalkeith, East Linton, Marchmont, Wooplaw, 'Jliirlcstane 

 Castle, Jedburgh, Wolfelee, and on tlie Solway Firth at Dumfries, 

 Cargen, and Silloth. Along the Moray Firth the rainfall was 

 only a lialf more than the average, diminishing northwards to 

 the average at Wick and westwards to the average along the 

 watershed in Sutherland, lioss, and Inverness-shires. On the 

 coast of Ayr the excess was only a fourth above the average. 

 Hence, then, June was a fine month along the west, from Crinan 

 northwards, being characterised l)y dry bracing weather of the 

 average temperature ; whereas over the whole of Scotland, south 

 of the Grampians, the weather was wet and sunless in a most 

 exceptional degree. Along the Moray Firth the low temperature 

 and large rainfall point to a continuance there, though in a less 

 aggravated form, of the disastrously cold wet weather which 

 characterised the two preceding months. The amount of cloud 

 noted at the Stations was the largest, and the number of hours 

 of sunshine the fewest, hitherto recorded in any previous June 

 by the Scottish ]\Ieteorological Society's observers ; and these 

 features of the weather, which so powerfully influence the crops 

 at this season, were most strongly pronounced in those districts 

 indicated above, where the rainfall was so excessive. 



July. — In Shetland, Orkney, Skye, and the southern division 

 of the Hebrides, the temperature was not quite a degree under 

 the average. Elsewhere the defect of temperature varied from 

 l°-o to 3°-5, the greatest deficiency being in Berwickshire, along 

 the Forth and its Firth, the Dee and Don, and the southern 

 shores of tlie Aloray Firth. From the Grampians soutliwards, 

 to a line drawn from Crieff to St Andrews, the deficiency scarcely 

 amounted to two degrees. F^verywhere else, except in two small 

 patches, ojie in Perthshire, about Crieff and Aberfeldy, and the 

 other in the high grounds in the north of Dumfriess-shire, the 

 rainfall was above the average of July, very largely, and in some 

 cases unprecedentedly so, in the counties of Berwick, the Lothians, 

 Forfar, and the west shore of the Moray Firth. The excess was 

 least along the coasts bordering the Miiich where it did not 

 amount to 20 per cent., and it is to be noted that it was along 

 these coasts where the temperature did not fall much below the 

 average. During the great storm of rain of July 13-14, fully 



