188 TRANSACTIONS OF THE HORTICULTURAL 



cents a tree for such stock. My customers are perfectly willing to 

 pay that amount when they are shown the advantages of top- 

 grafting. 



Mr. Woodard — I have raised an orchard, planted and grown it 

 from its infancy, and I regret very much to hear the gentleman cut 

 the number of varieties down to five. It is necessary to keep plant- 

 ing and top-grafting and re-top-grafting, to keep the orchard up, and 

 as much care should be taken to keep up the good varieties, and I 

 think twenty-five varieties are none too many to plant in an orchard. 

 I believe that the insects do more harm to our orchards than the se- 

 vere winters do. I think Paris green is a good thing to keep off the 

 insects that eat this foliage, and we get finer and fairer apples when 

 we use it. I find that we should fight the insects as much as we do 

 the severe winters. We want to get trees that ripen up well. 

 Famuese does well in Canada where the thermometer goes down 40° 

 below zero, because the wood ripens up well. I put half a pound of 

 Paris green in a barrel of water and keep it well stirred up while 

 using. It will kill all insects that feed on the foliage. 



Mr. Minkler — I think if you use the Paris green when the trees 

 are in bloom, that it lodges in the up-turned blossoms, and when the 

 curculio goes to deposit his eggs he does not like the Paris green^ and 

 that was the secret of success. Arsenic is better than Paris green, 

 is more soluble and more effectual. 



President Slade — We had a very interesting paper f ron Profes- 

 sor Forbes at the State Meeting, and I hope every one will read the 

 article on this subject of injurious insects. 



Mr. Kellogg — The poisoning is one I would like to hear more 

 of. The trouble with professors'' reports is, they do not set forth 

 anything that is practical; what we want is something that we can 

 make practical. I have seventy-five varieties in my orchard. My 

 experience is the same as Mr. Slade's; did not get apples enough for 

 a pie. I syringed my trees with no effect. Tried it on Hoos, where 

 there was a profuse bloom, but got no apples. 



Mr. Cotta — Walbridge acted queer with me after last winter's 

 severe weather. The leaves had a fungus growth on them and the 

 trees looked sickly and did not do well. 



