1892] MARYLAND ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 187 



southwest and west direction, we find at the base of the 

 hills, where the water courses have cut deep into the 

 deposits, a series of beds of white, drab, lead-colored or 

 red clays, more or less stratified. These, especially 

 towards the east, are covered by pale or white sands, 

 which underlie another system of more closely stratified 

 sandy clays and clays with narrow partings of fine sand. 

 In some of the hills, exposures of thicker strata of less 

 sandy clay also appear. 



Besides the above, near the summit of the series at the 

 Atlantic Highlands of New Jersey, extending from next 

 the beach to a height of about fifteen feet, there appears 

 a flaky, black, micaceous earth, which rises into a tena- 

 cious black, sandy marl and extends up to the base of the 

 true black marl of the " Lower Marl Bed." At this 

 point appears the base line of the deep sea deposits, which 

 is often difficult to distinguish. This line can, however, be 

 traced wherever the conditions are favorable. For con- 

 venience we will call the underlying black stratum the 

 Albirupean Black Marl. This Albirupean Black Marl 

 forms the base of the Atlantic Highlands, and is exposed 

 from near the long steamboat pier above the town all the 

 way down along the face of the high cliff's for a distance 

 of nearly one mile. A few rods southeast of the bath 

 houses belonging to the Grand View Hotel this stratum 

 reaches a thickness of about sixty feet, but it rapidly 

 decreases in continuing along this course until before the 

 next pier is reached it slopes down to beneath the beach, 

 and is lost to view. Along this course it is generally 

 almost impossible to recognize the line of demarcation be- 

 tween it and the directly overlying " Lower Black Marl." 

 There are, however, a few points along the exposure 

 where the overlying marl is more argillaceous, and where 

 coarse sandy material and shells of mollusks {Gry])haea 

 vesicithcris, Exogyra costata, etc.) rest directly upon the 



