234 TRANSACTIONS OF THE [1895 



The beads are all home made, there are no trader's beads 

 amongst them, nor am I aware of any trader's beads having 

 been taken from the cists of the large burial sites. This clearly 

 points to their antedating the visits of the white voyagers. 

 Three or four of the beads of this find are encrinites, taken 

 from the limestone in which they are so plentiful, and twelve 

 are made of the pottery. These are depressed in the center, 

 like two little round balls had been stuck together ; several are 

 evenly pierced length^vise, with a tiny hole for stringing, while 

 'the rest have not been pierced, but could have been used as 

 pendants by a string tied around the depression. The clay is 

 fine and close ; the shell, if any was used, was pulverized so 

 thoroughly that only very minute specks of what may be shell 

 occasionally appear on the surface. The burning of the beads 

 was much more thoroughly carried out than with other objects 

 shown. Two implements made of pottery and rarely found are 

 in this collection ; in shape they are like large mushrooms, and 

 the component parts of the mixture rather coarsely broken, 

 though nothing like as much so as that of which the slabs are 

 made. The polished surface of disk and handle indicate their 

 use as rubbers, probably in dressing skins, the depression on 

 the top of the handle relieving the thumb in their use. Such 

 implements for such purposes show a great advance beyond the 

 water-worn cobble used by the Columbian Indian for similar 

 work. The vessels of this find vary greatly in size, from a tiny 

 paint saucer to the largest light colored one, which would hold 

 a quart. One with tiny spouts pinched in the soft clay by the 

 maker suggests his intention of its being a drinking cup. A 

 small vessel, not unlike in shape to an ordinary iron pot, was 

 intended for use over a fire; that it had been so used might be 

 inferred from its brittleness, being broken in small pieces when 

 recovered; the pieces showing lines of fracture that fitted, it 

 was possible to put it together in original shape. The double 

 handles allowed sticks to be thrust through to hold it over the 

 embers ; or hung by strings, either sticks or strings being 

 daubed with clay to prevent their burning. Holding but a 



