1892] MARYLAND ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 205 



On the top of the hill, forming the surface on which the 

 light-honse stands, is a thick bed of fine, pale, loose sand, 

 varying in depth from place to place. It may be said to 

 vary from ten to twenty-five feet in thickness. Boulders 

 of granite and other rocks, both large and small, lie em- 

 bedded in it at intervals. Below this is seen two to three 

 feet of a loosely bedded, very fine, dark gray sand. Next 

 below this occurs gravel, boulders, broken rocks and a bed 

 of pudding stone, or conglomerate, resting in sand, gravel, 

 and gritty material, either rounded or angular. This pud- 

 ding stone member is scarcely more than two feet in thick- 

 ness, and it varies from a whitish gray to a brown or dark 

 liver color, according to the kind and degree of iron staining 

 *which it has received from the material resting above it. 

 The conglomerate as well as the looser and more sandy 

 portion of this member holds a few shells of mollusks, 

 teeth of Carcharodon, and some vertebrse and other bones 

 of Cetacea belonging to the Miocene Period. Apparently 

 this complex of most mixed materials is about five feet 

 thick in the western part of the section. 



Below this, facing Vineyard Sound, occurs a ferruginous 

 sand, in broken patches, now only a few inches in thick- 

 ness, which is all that remains in place of the fan edge of 

 a bed of Cretaceous greensand, belonging to the Lower 

 Marl of the New Jersey surveys. The outer end of this 

 stratum, which was eight to ten feet thick at a distance of 

 about eighty feet from the inner face of the present blufi", 

 now lies overthrown against the steep slope, and partly 

 stands on end, in nearly upright position. It appears best 

 in three principal exposures which rest upon buttresses 

 running down and out from the clifi*. On the east and south 

 sides of the range of cliffs this formation fails to appear ; 

 although the beds on that side of the ridge are not so much 

 dislocated as on the west. This greensand marl is much 

 altered above by iron solutions, and considerable patches 



