No. 105.] 197 



beet and mangel-wurtzel are the most valuable succulent food for 

 milch cows in winter. I generally raise from three to five acres of 

 roots per annum, (not including potatoes.) 



Have stables or good hovels for all my animals in winter ; corn- 

 stalks, straw and roots, are the winter forage for cattle ; sheep are 

 fed on stalks, straw, chaff and shorts ; feed little hay excepting to 

 the working horses and young animals ; always feed well with the 

 food I have to give, believing that the better animals are fed, and 

 the more comfortable they are kept, the greater the profit ; do my 

 thrashing in winter, and save all the straw and chaff for feeding. 



Have 150 grafted apple trees, consisting of various kinds of sum- 

 mer, fall and winter fruit ; a variety of peaches and plums, a few 

 cherries and pears, but they are rather poor ones, three varieties of 

 bearing grapes, and twenty bearing chesnut trees raised from the 

 seed; have spent much time in transplanting chesnuts, but never have 

 got one to live. 



The grubs affected the roots of my peach trees. I applied half a 

 bushel of leached ashes to each tree, which renovated them with re- 

 newed vigor. 



The fences are principally stone wall with posts and boards, or 

 stakes and riders on the top of it ; there is on the farm 1100 rods of 

 stone wall, 260 rods of post and board fence, the residue is the re- 

 mainder of the old rail fence which yet answers the purpose. 



Buildings. — The dwelling house is two stories, with kitchen and 

 wood-house, all built with stone ; out buildings are numerous, com- 

 modious and convenient, grain barn stands east and west on a gentle 

 rise of the ground, and is 36 by 120 feet, two stories high, with two 

 floors to drive into ; the under part is seven feet high, built with 

 stone, the upper built with wood posts sixteen feet long. 



In the under part there is a horse power for thrashing, two stables, 

 for 20 head of cattle, and one for six horses ; a room to clean grain, 

 and a granary, and two of the bays go to the bottom ; also have a lean- 

 to, 10 by 48 feet, under part of it for holding chaff, and upper for straw; 

 and a cellar that holds 1,000 bushels of roots. 



There are two yards, one on the south side of the barn, for cattle 

 and horses — the other on the north side, for sheep. On the west side 

 of the yards, a shed the whole extent, 295 feet long, and 18 wide, two 

 stories high, under part of stones, for shelter, and other conveniences 



