S50 [Senate 



pottion, we judged about 25 bushels. The 8| acres yielded at the 

 rate of about 31 bushels an acre ; which was the fruit of putting on 

 the lime kiln cleanings, consisting of lime, ashes, and a little char- 

 coal. 



3. Two things I think are wanting, which are essential to any 

 great improvement in wheat culture in this county ; and the most of 

 farmers in this county I suppose would differ from me in respect to one 

 thatis, deep plowing. While plowing in one of our fields, I dugupsome 

 of the subsoil, which had been pressed with the plow, and in other 

 ways beaten so as to be with difficulty penetrated, and 1 washed it and 

 found it to be of equal parts of clay and sand. That is about the pro- 

 portion of our surface soil, setting aside its vegetable matter. If that 

 subsoil was plowed up deep and pulverized, it would be as mellow as 

 the surface is now, and besides giving more nourishment to plants, 

 would drain the surplus water from around their roots. The second 

 thing requisite is thorough under draining, 



Benton, Yates co., Sept. 13; 1845. 



SPRING WHEAT. 



There were three applicants on spring wheat. The first premium, 

 of $15, is awarded to Robert Eells, of Westmoreland, Oneida county. 



The statement of Mr. Eells is as follows : Soil, clay and gravel, in 

 good condition. It was an old meadow which was broken up the pre- 

 vious year — -a crop of corn taken from it. It was manured at the rate 

 of 20 loads of coarse manure to the acre, and 8 loads of fine, put in 

 the hill. The corn yielded 88f| per acre. Plowed last spring seven 

 inches deep and harrowed twice; no manure. I sowed four bushels of 

 Siberian spring wheat, the 16th of April, broadcast. Cut with sickle, the 

 first of August ; threshed the middle of November, with flail, producing 

 53 bushels and 24 pounds of superior wheat, valued at 10^. per bushel. 



Amounts to f 66 94 



Expense of cultivation and use of land, 21 00 



Showing a profit of $45 94 



The second premium, of $100, is awarded to Erastus Dayton, of 

 Vernon, Oneida county. 



The statement of Mr. Dayton is as follows : The soil is clay and 

 gravel, in fine condition at the commencement of the cultivation of the 

 crop. The previous crop was corn and potatoes, with one pne plow- 

 ing, and ten loads manure per acre ; the present season, ten loads 

 corn stalks manure. 



Sowed two bushels of Black Sea variety, per acre. It was sown 3d 

 of April — harvested 20th of August, with cradle, and thrashed, 

 yielded fifty and one-tenth bushels. 



