No. 85.] 81 



5. Maintenance of Animals. 



Cattle and sheep would need hay till fresh pasture, and horses hay, 

 and also a good supply of oats till after harvest. All would be bene- 

 fited by a liberal feeding of roots, including swine. The amount of 

 all these supplies needed, would be about 



7 tons of hay, |42 00 



200 bushels of oats, 50 00 



400 " " roots, .50 00 



$142 00 



RECAPITULATION. 



Livestock, $870 00 



Implements, 437 00 



Seeds, 63 00 



Labor, 320 00 



Maintenance of Animals, 142 00 



$1,832 00 — the 

 amount of capital needed the first year, in stocking and con- 

 ducting satisfactorily the operations of one hundred acres of impro- 

 ved land, several items being doubtless omitted. 



If this is a larger sum than the young farmer can command, let 

 him purchase only fifty acres, and reserve the rest of the purchase 

 money which would be needed for the 100 acres, to commence with 

 on the smaller farm ; and he will scarcely fail to make more, than 

 on a larger, with every part subjected to an imperfect hurrying, and 

 irregular management. He may calculate perhaps on the returns 

 of his crops in autumn, at least to pay his hands. But he must re- 

 member that the first year of farming is attended with many expen- 

 ses which do not usually occur afterwards ; which his crops may not 

 repay, besides supporting his family and paying his mechanics' and 

 merchant's bills. The first year must always be regarded with un- 

 certainty ; and it is better to come out at the end, on a moderately 

 gized farm, well tilled, and in fine order, with money in pocket, 

 than on a larger one, in debt ; and hired hands, a class of men not 

 be disappointed and who ought not to be, waiting for their pay. 

 There are a far greater number of farmers embarrassed and crippled 

 by placing their estimates of expenses too low, than of those who 

 swing clear and float freely by a full previous counting of cost. 



[Senate, No. 85.] F 



