234 [Senate 



ing, afterwards, (as any other kind of joint would,) from the shrink- 

 ing of the parts. Thus the inner surface is left perfectly smooth. 

 Besides, the different parts of which the churn is composed are so put 

 together, that neither nails nor screws, nor any other material which 

 would operate injuriously upon the cream or butter — nothing, in short 

 but wood, is suffered to come in contact with the cream. 



Ventilation is secured in a manner admirably simple, and entirely 

 new; by means of which the usual "air holes" in the cover are 

 dispensed with — the extra labor of cleaning them avoided — and the 

 cover left entire^ to be used as a trayj as heretofore stated. This, it 

 will be seen, is effected by simply using for the heads or ends of the 

 cover, thinner stuff than is used for the corresponding portions of 

 the lower part of the churn, and scolloping out about an inch from 

 the straight edge of the heads to the cover. 



Instead of a 'plug for drawing off the buttermilk, this churn is pro- 

 vided with a faucet^ upon an improved plan. This apparatus is very 

 curiously adapted to the purpose— is perfectly simple, and entirely 

 out of the way — and with it, the process of " drawing off" is render- 

 ed convenient, neat, and expeditious, to a degree which none but 

 those who have had some experience in its use — and also in the floor- 

 bespattering, finger -wetting process of the " plug" — can fully realise. 

 This, with the fixture for returning the cream into the churn which 

 works out at the shaft, renders the whole process of churning re- 

 markably neat and clean. 



Another advantage peculiar to this churn, cor^sists in the fact that 

 it is not liable to leak from exposure in a dry room ;• — the parts being 

 put together in such a manner that, on the contrary, drying it has the 

 effect of rendering the joints tighter. 



Another still, consists in its durability ; all those parts which 

 come to wear, being so adapted that they may at any time be taken 

 out and replenished — without the least injury to the churn ; which, 

 however, with proper treatment, would not in any case be necessary 

 for many years. Should the faucet become a little worn, so as to re- 

 quire tightening, it can be done by turning, a very little, the screw 

 which passes through its center. Excepting, therefore, accidents 

 from violent causes, there can be no good reason why this churn 

 should not last an age. 



And lastly, its portaile quality is a matter of some little conse- 

 quence — especially if the " handling" is to be performed by women 

 or children ; in which respect it is undoubtedly superior to any oth- 

 er churn of equal capacity now in use. 



In reference to the manner of using the churn, it might be added, 

 that the churn should be placed upon a low table, where the various 

 operations of churning, preparing and cleaning the churn, &c., can 

 be performed more conveniently and with greater ease, than if the 

 churn stood on a frame at the usual height from the floor. When 

 butter has " come," a few rapid revolutions of the crank should be 

 made to wash down the particles of butter adhering to the under side 

 t)f the cover; when a few vibratory strokes of the dash will collect 

 the butter into a roll. The cover is then to betaken off, the dash ta- 



