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usually as large, grass-fed colts make touglier, more wir}-, and endurin<^. 

 horses than those grain-fed, long-legged animals, which have consumed 

 the farmer's provender to his loss. 



The business of breaking may commence with the first week of the 

 colt's existence. Halter him and merely hold him the first ^ew times ;■ . 

 then begin by leading him a little, always using the utmost kindness and 

 gentleness. Let the whip be left out of the catalogue entirely ; kindness 

 will subdue sooner, and more efi"ectually than any other means. If 

 refractory, worry him out with continued good treatment, and if need 

 be, by light feeding, until the temper is quite subdued. Should the 

 animal be exceedingly perverse, not one in a thousand will need any- 

 thing more than good and uniform treatment. Accustom them gradu- 

 ally to the use of pieces of harness, and finally hitch them to a light 

 vehicle, such as a pair of wheels, Avith shafts ; then gradually accustom 

 them to heavier loads ; and finally put them to light work, and always 

 bear in mind that patience will much sooner accomplish the desired 

 object than forcible means. 



Cattle. — The difi"erent breeds, or names for cattle, we suppose to be- 

 merely the result of a systematic course of breeding persevered in for 

 a considerable length of time, until the progeny were possessed of some 

 peculiai'ity of color, form, (fee, which distinguished them from any 

 promiscuously bred animals. For instance, the Devons are uniformly 

 red. The Durhams are generally mottled with white, and each having 

 some points peculiar to the breed, as horns, form, (fee. The Devons. 

 are small, or only of middling size ; the Durhams are large. When the 

 Komans conquered Britain, they found cattle in considerable numbers ; 

 and we have never seen any notice of their having taken cattle there 

 from Italy or any of the Roman provinces. The inference, then, is fair 

 that the Devons, Durhams, Herefords, Ayrshires, (fee, are the result of 

 a course of systematic breeding, persevered in for many years, until the 

 progeny are uniform in appearance, in form, color, milking properties, (feo._ 



It is well known that animals of native stock are occasionally found 

 superior to the improved breeds for milking ; and for beef, many are- 

 equally as good. By judicious selections of such animals, a breed can 

 be propagated, and in a few years, become as marked, and perhaps as 

 valuable, as any of the improved breeds imported at such great cost, 

 and many of them inferior to the common native cows for milk, as the 

 writer has ascertained to his loss. High-sounding names and long pedi- 

 11 



