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i THE DIFFERENT BREEDS OF NEAT CATTLE. 



THEIR COMPARATIVE VALUE AND ADAPTATION TO THE CLIMATE OF 



WISCONSIN. 



BY THOMAS P. TURNER, EAGLE. 



Of the various sources from whicli the wealth of nations is derived, 

 there are none of greater moment, or which have a superior claim to 

 attention, than that branch of rural economy which is the subject of this 

 essay. The cattle of the farmer may justly be termed productive labor- 

 ers, when we recollect the stimulus to industry, as well as the rapid cir- 

 culation of capital which the farmer occasions, by furnishing constant 

 employment to the numerous artificers who are occupied in manufactur- 

 ing implements that are indispensably necessary to him, and when we 

 call to mind the immense mass of materials which his productive labor 

 supplies for the purposes of commercial intercourse. 



Justly has Adam Smith remarked in his "Wealth of Nations," that 

 " The capital employed in Agriculture not only puts in motion a greater 

 quantity of productive labor than any equal capital employed in manu- 

 factures, but also in proportion to the quantity of productive labor 

 which it employs, it adds a much greater value to the annual product of 

 the land and labor of the country, while it increases the real wealth and 

 revenue of its inhabitants." 



The repeated failure of the wheat crop in this State, together with 

 the increased facilities for the transportation jf cattle to the eastern 

 markets, uinte to render live stock an object of the utmost importance to 

 the Wisconsin farmer ; and notwithstanding the great advances made in 

 other branches of industry, nothing has undergone a greater chano-e of 

 system, or has received more manifest improvement, than the breeding, 

 rearing and management of cattle. The establishment of societies in 

 Great Britain and America, for the encouragement of Agriculture, has 

 greatly tended to promote inquiry and disseminate information on this 

 nteresting subject. It may be advantageous to commence with a con- 

 cise outline of the principal breeds, and varieties of breeds of cattle, 

 found in the United Kingdoms of Great Britain, as from these most, if 

 not all of the stock in North America have sprung. 



The wild cattle are still found in some parts of England, mostly at 

 Chartley Park, in Derbyshire, and Chillingham Park, in Northumber- 



