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laml. They are the remains of the Caledonian cattle, which once extended 

 throuoh all the northern provinces of Enoland, and the southern ones of 

 Scotland, and some of which had found their way to the mountains of Wales. 

 The following account is given of them, by the Earl of Tankerville, and by 

 Mr. Bailey, of Chillingham : " Their color is invariably white, except that 

 some of the bulls appear of a cream color ; muzzle black or brown ; the whole 

 of the inside of the ear and about one-third of the outside, from the tip down- 

 wards, red or brown ; the horns white, with black tips, very iine, and 

 bent upwards. They have no manes, but some of the bulls have a little 

 coarse hair on the neck, about an inch and a half or two inches long. 

 The weight of the oxen is from thirty-eight to forty -two stone (of four- 

 teen pounds), and that of the cows from twenty-five to thirty-five stone, 

 the four quarters. The beef is finely marbled, and of excellent flavor." 

 From the nature of their pastures, and the frequent agitation they are 

 put into by the curiosity of strangers, as well as the practice of shooting 

 them when needed for the butcher, they do not become very fat ; yet the 

 six years old oxen are generally very good beef, from which it may be 

 fairly supposed that, in proper situations, they would fatten well. One of 

 them was caught and kept, and became as tame as the domestic ox, 

 thriving as well as any short-horned steer could do. It weighed sixty- 

 five stone.* There is, however, a breed of the same cattle in Yorkshire, 

 -which is said to be harmless. From these, then, with judicious crossings 

 are derived our present breeds. 



The Devonshire breed is found in its purest state in North Devon. — 

 Its peculiar qualities may be thus described : Small head, clean, and 

 free from flesh about the jaws ; its countenance light and airy ; long and 

 thin neck, free from dewlap about the throat ; of a dark orange around 

 its eyes and nose ; thin and pointed ears, tinged on the inside with the 

 same color : horns thin, and fine to the roots, of a cream color, growing 

 -with a regular curve upwards, and rather springing from each other ; 

 light on the withers ; open bosom, with a deep chest; below the knee 

 small and tapering ; fine at and above the joint ; straight on the back 

 from the withers to the rump, on a level with the hips, which are wide 

 and open ; the hind quarters seated high with flesh, and long from rump 

 to pin ; thin, loose skin, with hair of a soft and furry nature, inclined to 

 curl when the animal is in full coat and good condition, when it also 



' Agricultural Surrey of Northumberland. 



