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larger and weighter than either ; being generally wider and fuller over 

 the shoulders and chine, and the breast or brisket, as well as the after 

 part of the rump. The prevailing color is a reddish brown, the face is 

 white ; the hair is fine and the skin thin. In the true Hereford breed, 

 the bone does not project in the point of the shoulder — in some breeds, 

 it forms almost a shelf — but on the contrary, it tapers oflf gradually. 

 They are very wide before, and in their hind quarters equally heavy ; 

 the tail sets low, and a great distance from the point of the rump to the 

 hip; the turst is full, broad and soft; the horn pushes aside a little and 

 then turns up thin and tapering; the animal handles remarkably well, 

 and is especially mellow on the rump, ribs and hip bone. The quality 

 of the meat is not hard, but fine as well as fat; little coarse flesh about 

 them ; the offal and bone being small in proportion to their weight, while 

 their disposition to fatten is equal, or nearly so, to that of any other 

 breed. They are, however, illy calculated for the dairy. They arrive 

 early at maturity and are excellent at the plow or team ; but it is as 

 fatting stock that they excel. Hereford cows are comparatively small, 

 extremely delicate and light fleshed. There is a more remarkable dis- 

 proportion between the oxen and their dames,, than is to be found in any 

 other breed ; the oxen often exceeding three times the weight of the cows. 



The short-horned cattle, under which denomination are included the 

 Holderness and Teeswater breeds, have been supposed to derive their 

 origin from a cross with some large bulls that were imported, in the last 

 century, from Holland into Yorkshire. And in the east and north 

 ridings of which county, the two latter breeds have been long establish- 

 ed, and deservedly esteemed ; and it is from some of that stock, or at 

 least from a cross between that stock and some of the progeny of the 

 Dutch and Teeswater cross, that the present improved short-horned 

 cattle, now generally distinguished as the Durham short-horns, are 

 descended. 



This breed was introduced about fifty years ago, by the Messrs. Col- 

 lings, of Darlington, and has rapidly risen in the public estimation. The 

 cattle are of a large size, and beautifully mottled with red spots upon a 

 white ground ; their backs are level ; the throat clean ; the neck fine, 

 but not too thin, especially towards the shoulder ; the carcass full and 

 round ; the quarters long ; and the hips and rump remarkably wide and 

 even. They stand rather high on their legs, but this must be carried to 

 a very little extent ; they handle kindly ; are light in their bone, in pro- 



