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stalls regularly cleaned out, and tlie remnants of their fodder daily 

 removed and given to other cattle. With regard to the most proper 

 food, I would recommend the best made artificial hay, with roots, or 

 winter squash added, finished off with ground corn ; and lastly, with oil 

 cake added, or flax seed ground with corn or barley, in the proportion 

 of one bushel of the former to four of the latter. They should be often 

 and regularly fed — say five times a day at least — for, according to the 

 quantity of nutritious food a beast can be induced to eat with appetite, 

 will be the rapidity of his fattening, the diminution of expense, and the 

 increase of profit. The hay should be cut once or twice along the truss, 

 and three times across it, so that it will be in square pieces of eight or 

 ten inches, in which state the cattle will eat and digest it more readily, 

 while their fattening is considerably expedited. 



Good feeding and careful keeping will tend to improve even the infe- 

 rior breeds of animals ; while under careless management, in-nutritious 

 food, and no shelter but what nature affords in this rigorous climate, the 

 best varieties will soon deteriorate, and their progeny will rapidly 

 degenerate. 



With regard to the native cattle of this State, I must say that they 

 are really better than I should expect to find them, when I take into 

 consideration the manner in which they are reared. Often uncared for, 

 seldom housed, and sometimes unfed, they certainly must have one good 

 quality, and that is, hardy constitutions to endure such ill-treatment. 

 Amongst them, I have occasionally met with tolerable well-shaped ani- 

 mals. Most of them, if not all, are too large in the bone, with much 

 offal in the carcass ; yet, I have seen some good-shaped cows, which if 

 crossed with a pure bred Devon, Hereford, or Short-Horn, may rear a 

 superior offspring ; which, if judiciously bred from, would eventually 

 supply a very valuable breed of cattle, such as would best endure this 

 climate, and possess all the aptitude of fattening, and good milking 

 qualities, nearly equal to that of the improved breeds of England. 



One practice must invariably be observed by those who are endeavor- 

 ing to rear large animals, and that is, not to permit the young heifers to 

 have a calf until they are three years old. Allowing them to go to the 

 bull at one year old is a most absurd practice — for when the beast is con- 

 tinuing to grow, and has arrived at that age when the form is most rapidly 

 developing itself, a sufficient quantity of nutriment cannot be devoted to 

 the calf. Either the mother or the offspring, or both, must materially 



