THE COUNTIES OF rOEFAR AND KINCAEDINE. 89 



for a number of years he had to farm the whole in the five-shift 

 rotation. He afterwards for a time pursued the seven-shift 

 system alone, but finding potatoes a risky crop, he adopted the 

 present system in order to reduce the area under potatoes and 

 increase the extent under grass. Since his entry in 1847 he has 

 tile-drained upwards of 200 acres to a depth of from 2 J to 4 feet. 

 The landlord built a range of covered cattle-courts, repaired and 

 made alterations on the farm-steading, and erected two new 

 cottages to replace old ones. He also put an addition to the 

 dwelling-house, and built other two cottages, for the outlay on 

 which Mr Goodlet paid interest at the rate of 3 per cent., 

 performing all the carriages over and above. Eight married 

 ploughmen reside in cottages, and five unmarried men in a 

 *' bothy," in which there is a separate bed-closet for each, and a 

 sitting room, and scullery or pantry for general use. The 

 " bothy" is cleaned out daily, and the beds made by a woman 

 paid for the purpose. The farm is conveniently laid out in finely 

 shaped fields, well fenced with dykes and hedges, with rows of 

 trees here and there, and is altogether one of the most beautifully 

 situated holdings in the county. 



Continuing westwards we pass through the parishes of Guthrie, 

 Kirkden, and Eescobie, and rest in Forfar. These parishes extend 

 respectively to 3824, 5018, 6724, and 8379 acres ; and since 1856 

 the rental of the first two and the last one has increased by about 

 10s. per acre of the total extent, and that of Eescobie by about 

 6s. per acre. In each there are several large well-cultivated 

 farms, and a pretty large extent of good soil. The largest 

 holding is the combined farms of East and West Carsebank, 

 held, along with another adjoining farm, by Mr Patrick Fair- 

 weather, and rented at £1285. Situated in the parish of Ees- 

 cobie, this line farm extends to 650 acres arable and 22 acres 

 under pasture. The soil is dark brown loam, with good " body." 

 During the first twelve years of the lease he had liberty to farm 

 in any rotation wished, provided always that he worked the land 

 in accordance with the rules of good husbandry. During the 

 remainder of the lease he was bound to have the land in the 

 seven-shift rotation. Wheat gave on an average 4 qrs. or a 

 little more per acre, weighing 61 lbs. per bushel; barley 5 J 

 qrs., weighing 54 lbs.; oats 6 qrs. or a little more, weighing 42 

 lbs. ; Eegent and other early varieties of potatoes 6 tons, Cham- 

 pions and other late kinds 8 tons ; turnips from 20 to 25 tons ; 

 and hay about 2 tons per acre. One half of tlie turnip break 

 gets twelve loads of dung and a mixture of artificial manure, gene- 

 rally guano, super})hosphate, and dissolved bones, to the value of 

 40s. ]>er acre. The other half receives a mixture of artificial 

 manure to the value of from £3, 5s. to £3, 10s. per acre. 

 Potatoes get twenty loads of dung per acre, and a small quantity 



