THE COUNTIES OF FORFAR AND KINCARDINE. 171 



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general ploughmen and cattlemen, grieves and foremen with 

 partial charge getting from £2 to £5 more. Men who are not 

 capable of building stacks in harvest and such work get perhaps 

 £3, £1, 10s., or £2 less. The perquisites usually consist of about 

 6^ bolls (140 lbs. each) of oatmeal, valued at about £7; 12 gills 

 of new milk daily from Martinmas to Whitsunday, and 18 gills 

 daily from Whitsunday to Martinmas, the yearly value being 

 estimated at £7 ; a cart load of coals, valued at from 15s. to £1 ; 

 and from 3 to 4 bolls, or from 10 cwt. to 1 ton, of potatoes, 

 worth from £2 to £4. Only in some cases do single men get 

 potatoes. The money value obtained by married servants for 

 their work for a year would thus be as follows : — 



Money, 



Cottage and Garden, 



Meal and Milk, 



Potatoes, 



Coals, . 



£28 10 



2 

 14 



3 

 10 



Total, ... £-48 10 



In some cases married men are allowed the use of a cow 

 instead of a supply of milk and other perquisites. Shepherds 

 obtain about the same wages and terms as ploughmen. During 

 the last three years wages have fallen about 25 per cent., but 

 still the present rate is about 75 per cent, higher than that about 

 1850. Out-door female workers get Is. 3d. per day, or od. more 

 than 1850. For potato-lifting they get 2s. per day, exactly 

 double what they obtained for this class of work thirty years 

 ago. In harvest they receive 3s. 4d. a day, with perhaps an 

 allowance of beer and bread once or twice a day. Women for 

 house work get from £10 to £16 a year, with board and lodging. 

 Farm-servants are engaged mostly for a year from Martinmas 

 to Whitsunday ; a few engage privately, but the majority attend 

 feeing markets in the different localities. As a rule, married 

 men remain long periods in one farm, but single men cliange 

 frequently. The meals of men who live in bothies consist 

 mainly of oatmeal brose and oatmeal porridge, but some sell a 

 portion of their meal and buy coffee, bread, herrings, and other 

 commodities. Married men in cottages live very similarly to 

 married men in towns. Generally speaking, the farm-servants 

 in these counties are sober, industrious, and efficient workmen. 

 The Forfarshire ploughmen, indeed, are proverbial fur their 

 industry. 



ft/ 



Other Industries. 



The commercial industries of these counties, especially of 

 Forfar, are of vast importance and of various character. We 



