CERTIFICATES IX FORESTKY. 19 



FORESTRY DEPARTMENT. 



The Society grants First and Second Class Certificates in Forestry. 



Board of Examiners. 



1. Science of Forestry and Practical Management of Woods. — Dr Cleg- 

 horn, of Stravithie, St Andrews ; John Macgregor, Lady well, Dun- 

 keld ; William M'Corquodale, Scone Palace, Perth ; J. Grant 

 Thomson, GrantoAvn, Strathspey. 



2,. Elements of Botany. — Professor Balfour. 



3. Nature and Properties of Soils, Drainage, and Effects of Climate. — 



Professor Wilson. 



4. Land and Timber Measuring and Surveying ; Mechanics and Construc- 



tion, as applied to Fencing, Drainage, Bridging, and Road-Making ; 

 Implements of Forestry. — A. W. Belfrage, C.E. 



5. Book-keeping and Accounts. — John Turnbull Smith, C.A. 



Candidates must possess — 1st, A thorough acquaintance with the details of 

 practical forestry. 2d, a general knowledge of the following branches of 

 study, so far as these apply to Forestry : — The Outlines of Botany ; the 

 Nature and Properties of Soils, Drainage and Effects of Climate ; Land and 

 Timber Measuring and Surveying ; Mechanics and Construction, as applied 

 to fencing, draining, bridging, and road-making ; Implements of Forestry ; 

 Book-keeping and Accounts. The Examinations are open to Candidates of 

 -any age. 



SYLLABUS OF EXAMINATION. 



I.— SCIENCE OF FORESTRY AND PRACTICAL MANAGEMENT 



OF WOODS. 



1. Formation and ripening of Wood. Predisposing causes of decay. 2. Re- 

 storation of Wood-lands : — (1.) Natural reproduction ; (2.) Artificial planting. 

 3. General management of plantations. Cropping by rotation. Trees recom- 

 mended for different situations. 4. Season and methods of pruning, thinning, 

 and felling. 5. Circumstances unfavourable to the grow^th of trees. 6. Me- 

 chanical appliances for conveying and converting timber. Construction of 

 saw-mills. 7. Qualities and uses of chief indigenous timbers. Processes of 

 preserving timber. 8. Management of nurseries. Seed-sowing. 9. Collec- 

 tion of forest produce. 10. Manufacture of tar and charcoal. 11. Insects 

 injurious to trees — preservation of birds which prey upon them, drawing a 

 distinction between birds which are beneficial and those which are destructive 

 to trees. 



II.— ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. 



1. Nutritive Organs of plants. — Root, stem, leaves. Functions of roots. 

 Various kinds of stems, witii examples. Use of the stem. Structure of 

 leaves. DiHerent kinds of leaves. Arrangement and functions of leaves. 

 2. Reproductive Organs. — Flower and its parts. Arrangement of tlie whorls 

 of the flower — caly.x, corolla, stamens, pistil. Ovule. Mature pistil or fruit. 

 Pniniiig and grafting. Seed. Young plant or embryo. Spnmting of the 

 seed or germination. 3. General Principles of Classifiaition. — Meaning of the 

 terms Class, (Jrder, Genus, Species. Illustrations taken from common forest 

 trees and shrubs. Practiad Examination on fresh sjiecimena and models ; 



