20 CERTIFICATES IN FORESTRY. 



some of the latter may be seen in the Museum at the Royal Botanic Garden, 

 which is open daily to the public free. Candidates may consult Professor 

 Balfour's " Elements of Botany," published by A. & C. Black, Edinburgh, 

 1869. Price 3s. 6d. 



III.— NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF SOILS, DRAINAGE AND 



EFFECTS OF CLIMATE. 



1. The different descriptions of soils, their classification, and suitability to 

 growth of diSerent descriptions of timber trees. 2. The composition and 

 constituents of soils. The relations between the soil and trees growinor on it. 

 3. The effects of drainafre on soils and on climate. 4. The mode of drainage 

 for plantations. 5. The influence of temperature, rainfall, aspect, shelter, 

 and prevailing winds on tree life. 6. The methods of registering and record- 

 ing observations, and the instruments used. 



IV.— LAND AND TIMBER MEASURING AND SURVEYING; 

 MECHANICS AND CONSTRUCTION as applied to Fencing, 

 Bridging, and Road-Making; IMPLEMENTS OF FORESTRY. 



1. The use of the Level and Measuring Chain. Measuring and mapping 

 surface areas. 2. The measurement of solid bodies — as timber, stacked bark, 

 faggots, &c., earthwork. 3. The different modes of fencing and enclosing 

 plantations ; their relative advantages, durability, cost of construction, and 

 repairs. 4. The setting out and formation of roads for temporary or perma- 

 nent use. 5. The construction of bridges over streams and gullies; of gates 

 or other entrances. 6. The different implements and tools used in planting, 

 pruning, felling, barking, and working up timber trees, or preparing them for 

 sale. Ewart's "Agricultural Assistant," Blackie & Son, Glasgow and Edin- 

 burgh, price 3s. 6d. Strachan's " Agricultural Tables," Oliver & Boyd, 

 Edinburgh, price 23. 6d. 



v.— BOOK-KEEPING AND ACCOUNTS. 



1, Questions in practice and proportion. 2. Book-keeping — describe books 

 to be kept ; give examples. Taking of stock. 



