56 ON THE AGRICULTURE OF THE 



sumed upon it ! The fertilisers applied for the potato crop h-^.ve 

 been elsewhere alluded to in this report. A large dressing of 

 farm-yard manure is allowed, in order that the land may be 

 able to bear the two white crops which occur in the rotation. 

 The rent of this farm is now about L.2, 15s. per acre, the advance 

 being 10s. within a few years. Mr John Fortune has 345 acres 

 at Ingliston. His straw is all made into manure. With this 

 exception, he farms much in the same way as Mr Anderson. 

 The wheat grown at Ingliston is the Square-head, a prolific 

 variety ; and the crops, at the time of our visit, looked promising. 

 Within the past five years, labourers' wages have gone up fully 

 L.10 i^er year in this locality. Ploughmen now receive an equi- 

 valent to L.l per week. The whole parish of Kirkliston, a little 

 further westward, is slij^htlv elevated, and the soil varies 

 from a rich black mould to a strong clay. There are also 

 some small sandy tracts and parcels of light earth. The land 

 was all limed one hundred years ago, and is still generously 

 farmed, and produces good crops. It was in this parish that Lord 

 Stair first introduced cabbage culture in the open fields. Rents 

 are from SOs. to 453. per acre, and some fertile patches bring a 

 little more. Passincr on to Ecclesmachan, the land is somewhat 

 level and the soil good, being capable of growing in abundance all 

 sorts of grain. At Three-Mile Town, Mr James Pleming farms 

 about 200 acres in good style. He combines a commercial pur- 

 suit with agriculture, having a business in Glasgow. At Water- 

 stone, in this parish, Mr John Cochrane occupies 230 acres under 

 the Earl of Hopetoun. He is just entering upon a second 19 years' 

 lease. The land is principally a stiff" clay, and three pairs of horses 

 are necessary to work it properly. He adopts the five or six course 

 shift as circumstances admit, the rotation being — 1st, oat? ; 2d, 

 turnips and potatoes ; od, wheat and barley ; and the remainder 

 in grass. Keeping a little further to the south, we enter the 

 parish of Uphall. The soil in many parts consists of a rich 

 workable clay upon till ; in the low grounds it changes into a fine 

 dark loam of first quality. With the exception of 210 acres oc- 

 cupied by natural pasture, and 180 by plantations, the whole of 

 the parish is under the plough. Most of the land belongs to the 

 Earl of Luchan. So recently as 1768 a large area was under, or 

 divided bv runriiz. The acfricultural state was then low, for the 

 miscellaneous stampede of live stock in the autumn made sad 

 havoc in the outstanding crops. There was then little fallow and 

 a very small amount of artificial grass. The rent of the best en- 

 closed land was at that time 30s. per acre; good enclosed, 25s., 

 and the worst, exclusive of moorland, 8s. or 9?. In 1860, the 

 average rent of the parish was L.l, 16s. ; now it is about 

 two guineas. The soil is mostlv well cultivated. Mrs Flint oc- 

 cupies nearly 200 acres at Crossgreen, under the Earl of Buchan. 



