CEKTIFICATES IX FOEESTEY 19 



SYLLABUS OF EXAMINATION. 



I. -SCIENCE OF FORESTRY AND PRACTICAL MANAGEMENT 



OF WOODS. 



1. Formation and ripening of Wood. Predisposing causes of decay. 2. Re- 

 storation of Wood-lands : — (1.) Natural reproduction ; (2.) Ai-tificial planting. 

 ;B. General management of plantations. Cropping by rotation. Trees recom- 

 mended for different situations. 4. Season and methods of pruning, thinning 

 and felling. 5. Circumstances unfavourable to the growth of trees. 6. Me- 

 chanical appliances for conveying and converting timber. Construction of 

 saw-mills. 7. Qualities and uses of chief indigenous timbers. Processes of 

 preserving timber. 8. Management of nurseries. Seed-sowing. 9. Collec- 

 tion of forest produce. 10. Manufacture of tar and charcoal. 11. Insects 

 injurious to trees — preservation of birds which prey upon them, drawing a 

 distinction between birds which are beneficial and those which are destructive 

 to trees. 



II.— ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. 



1. Nutritive Organs of plants. — Root, stem, leaves. Functions of roots. 

 Various kinds of stems, with examples. Use of the stem. Structure of 

 leaves. Different kinds of leaves. Arrangement and functions of leaves. 



2. Reproductive Organs. — Flower and its parts. Arrangement of the whorls 

 of the flower — calyx, corolla, stamens, pistil. Ovule. Mature pistil or fruit. 

 Pruning and grafting. Seed. Young plant or embryo. Sprouting of the 

 seed or germination. 3. General Principles of Classification. — Meaning of the 

 terms Class, Order, Genus, Species. Illustrations taken from common forest 

 trees and shrubs. Practical Examination on fresh specimens and models ; 

 .some of the latter may be seen in the Museum at the Royal Botanic Garden, 

 which is open daily to the public free. Candidates may consult Professor 

 Balfour's " Elements of Botany," publi;>hed by A. & C. Black, Edinburgh 

 1869. Price 3s. 6d. 



IIL— NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF SOILS, DRAINAGE AND 



EFFECTS OF CLIMATE. 



1. The different descriptions of soils, their classification, and suitability to 

 growth of different descriptions of timber trees. 2. The composition and 

 constituents of soils. The relations between the soil and trees fTOwiiifr on it. 



3. The ettects of drainage on soils and on climate. 4. The mode of drainage 

 for plantations. 5. The influence of tempcnituro, rainfall, aspect, shelter, 

 find prevailing winds on tree life. 6. The methods of registering and record- 

 ing observations, and the instruments used. 



17.— LAND AND TIMBER MEASURING AND SURVEYING; 

 MECHANICS AND CONSTRUCTION as applied to Fencing, 

 Bkidoino, and Road-Makino; IMPLEMENTS OF FORESTRY. 



I. The use of the Level and Measuring Chain. [Measuring and ma]>pin 

 surface areas. 2. The nie:isuremont of solid bodies — as timber, stacked bark, 

 faggots, ifcc, cartliuork. 3. The dillorent modes of fencing and enclosing 

 plantations ; their ivlativo advantages, durability, cost of construction, and 

 repairs. 4. The setting out and formation of roads for temporary or perma- 

 nent use. 5. The constructiou of bridges over streams and gullies ; of gates 



