84 University of California Publications in Agricultural Sciences [Vol. 3 



nicola goes on normally for a time in a mixture of MgCl 2 and 

 CaCL with the ratio of 4:1 at 10/8n concentration, though either of 

 thf two salts used alone would stop it entirely. Matthews, 11 in his 

 work with the development of embryos in the eggs of Fundulus, found 

 a distinct antagonism between Mg and Ca. 



Meltzer and Auer 21 have shown with rabbits and a monkey that 

 the poisonous action of MgCl 2 in subcutaneous injection is similarly 

 diminished by the injection of CaCL. They found also a strong 

 antagonism between the nitrates, acetates and sulfates of these two 

 salts t respectively. 



(c) Bacteria. — Lipman, 23 ' 2i with a soil bacterium, Bacillus sub- 

 tilis, found little or no antagonism between the two salts, but, on the 

 contrary, the addition of one salt to the other was found to be more 

 toxic than either of the two salts used alone. 



All of the above mentioned experiments, except those of the three 

 cases of Lipman, Loeb, and Anne Moore, are in agreement with the 

 antagonistic effects between Mg and Ca ions that occur with yeast. 

 In addition, it may be noted here that the antagonistic effect between 

 MgCL and CaCL with yeast has been found to be the strongest of all 

 the combinations. This corroborates the opinion advanced by Loew 

 that there is a strong antagonism between calcium and magnesium 

 both with plants and animals. 10 



sertes VII— antagonism between potassium chloeide and 



CALCIUM CHLORIDE 



In this series the experiments were carried on in the same way as 

 with MgCL and CaCL. Table 7 and the curves in figure 7 show 

 there is a distinct antagonism between the two salts. In this case 

 marked antagonism was found on the side of CaCL, but little or none 

 on the side of KC1. For example, the combination of .001M KC1 with 

 .66M CaCL allowed the yeast to grow up to 6% millions, while in 

 < !a< 'L at .6 alone the yeast was found to increase only up to about one 

 million. Thus there was 6y 2 times as much growth where the KC1 

 was present. But, on the other hand, the combination of .001M CaCL 

 to 2.0M KC1 did not accelerate the growth. This unexpected result 

 may be accounted for by the fact that the higher concentrations of 

 KC1 being very high in comparison to the small concentrations of 

 CaCl 2 the Latter was not sufficient to reduce the toxicity of the KC1 

 at such a high concentration. It is also very probable that a concen- 



