UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS 



IN 



AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 



Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 63-102 November 30, 1917 



TOXIC AND ANTAGONISTIC EFFECTS OF 

 SALTS ON WINE YEAST (SACCHAROMYCES 



ELLIPSOIDEUS) 



BY 

 S. K. MITRA 



CONTENTS 



PAGE 



Introduction 64 



Acknowledgments 65 



Method of experimentation 65 



Choice of solution 66 



Method of determining the activity of yeast 67 



Salts used 68 



Single salts — Toxic effects 68 



Combinations — Antagonistic effects 68 



Binary combinations 68 



Ternary combinations 68 



Experimentation with single salts — Toxic effects 68 



Series I. Potassium chloride 69 



Series II. Magnesium chloride 71 



Series III. Calcium chloride 72 



Series IV. Sodium chloride 74 



Series V. Effect of the toxicity of salts on microscopical appearance of 



yeast cells 75 



Experimentation with combinations of salts — Antagonistic Effects 80 



Series VI. Antagonism between Magnesium Chloride and Calcium Chloride 81 



(a) Plants 83 



(6) Animals 83 



(c) Bacteria 84 



Series VII. Antagonism between Potassium Chloride and Calcium Chloride 84 



(a) Plants 86 



(&) Animals 87 



(c) Bacteria 87 



Series VIII. Antagonism between Magnesium Chloride and Sodium Chloride 87 



(a) Plants 89 



(fo) Animals 89 



(c) Bacteria 90 



