University of California Publications in Agricultural Sciences [Vol.3 



(b) Animals. — Loeb 1 with Hydromedusa Gonionemus has shown 

 that a combination of 10/Sn CaCL and 5/8n NaCl is harmless to 

 animals. He 15 also found a distinct antagonism with a jellyfish, 

 Polyorchis, using 50 c.c. NaCl and 1 c.c. CaCL, which allowed the 

 animal to swim, while NaCl alone was poisonous. The same investi- 

 gator found a distinct antagonism between these two salts working 

 with the development of embryos in the eggs of the Fundulus. Anne 

 Moore 7 with the contraction of the lymph heart of frogs and Lingle 4 

 with that of the turtle's heart noted similar phenomena, thus corrob- 

 orating the work of Loeb. 



Lillie working with the larvae of Arenicola has found a distinct 

 antagonism between Ca and Na ions. MacCallum 14 found the same 

 with his experiments on cathartics. 



Meltzer and Auer 21 found a distinctly antagonistic effect with 

 animals in subcutaneous injections. Ostwald 13 wth fresh-water Gram- 

 ma rus found a strong antagonism between NaCl and CaCL in regard 

 to the duration of life of that animal. Finally, Matthews 11 has shown 

 that there is a slight antagonism between the two salts in the develop- 

 ment of embryos in the eggs of Fundulus. 



(c) Bacteria. — Lipman 24 with Bacillus subtilis found a marked 

 lack of antagonism between the two salts. In his case any combi- 

 nation of the two salts at .35M concentration was found to be more 

 poisonous than a single salt. 



All these experiments except that of Lipman show that there is 

 antagonism between CaCL, and NaCl. The yeast agrees very mark- 

 edly with Bacillus subtilis in showing little or no antagonism between 

 the two salts, CaCL and NaCL. 



