from, or known to occur in, the political di- 

 visions of the conterminous United States, 

 Canada, Alaska, and Greenland. Insofar as 

 known, all species introduced from other 

 countries and liberated in America north of 

 Mexico for biological control purposes have 

 been listed. Some of these have never been 

 recovered and, apparently, were unsuccessful 

 in establishing themselves. For each such 

 species a statement has been included, follow- 

 ing the distribution, that the species was 

 liberated but did not become established. 



As in the original catalog, the arrangement 

 is systematic for species-groups and higher 

 categories insofar as our present knowledge 

 and the limitations of a linear arrangement 

 permit. The generic and subgeneric concepts 

 represented in this arrangement are based 

 upon what are believed to be the correct type- 

 species. In each instance the type-species is 

 cited together with the authority for the 

 selection. Where designations of type-species 

 have been found to be invalid under the Inter- 

 national Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 

 new type-species designations, believed to be 

 valid, are given in the catalog. Generic syn- 

 onymy is included under the generic head- 

 ings except where subgenera are recognized, 

 in which cases such synonymy is given under 

 the subgeneric names, and references to re- 

 visional or other papers are listed under the 

 appropriate higher category. 



The arrangement of species within genera, 

 subgenera, and species groups is alphabetical. 

 Where subspecies are recognized, the sub- 

 specific names are placed in alphabetical or- 

 der under the species to which they belong; 

 and varieties are listed under the particular 

 species or subspecies in which they were 

 described. In each case the specific, subspeci- 

 fic, or infrasubspecific, name is followed by 

 an indication of the known distribution, and 

 by brief statements, as appropriate, of pre- 

 ferred habitats or the like, hosts, parasites, 

 prey, predators, or pollen sources. Much of 



this information on synonymy, distribution, 

 ecology, hosts, parasites, prey, and so forth 

 has not been published previously. The type 

 localities are usually recorded for those forms 

 that are known only from the localities where 

 the type specimens were obtained. Otherwise 

 the distribution is usually shown by states 

 and provinces, or by other means such as 

 life zones. 



Since unquestionably a catalog is indispen- 

 sable in the support of systematic and other 

 biological research, no effort has been spared 

 toward making this catalog as useful as pos- 

 sible to all of the scientific community inter- 

 ested in these fascinating insects. 



LITERATURE COVERAGE 



All authors have attempted to include all 

 pertinent references to synonyms, revisions, 

 taxonomy, biology, and morphology begin- 

 ning with 1758, the publication date of the 

 10th edition of "Systema Naturae" by Lin- 

 naeus. The cut-off dates vary for the several 

 sections of the catalog and are as follows: 

 Symphyta through 1974 ; 

 Ichneumonoidea through 1976; 

 Chalcidoidea — Torymidae (except Agaoninae) 

 and Encyrtidae through 1976; other fam- 

 ilies and Agaoninae through 1972; 

 Cynipoidea through 1972 ; 

 Evanioidea through 1976 ; 

 Pelecinoidea, Proctotrupoidea, and Ceraphro- 



noidea through 1972 ; 

 Trigonaloidea through 1976 ; 

 Bethyloidea and Scolioidea through 1975; 

 Formicoidea through mid-1975 ; 

 Vespoidea, Pompiloidea, and Sphecoidea 



through 1975 ; and 

 Apoidea through 1976. 



All authors have included some references 

 subsequent to the dates listed above. 



IX 



