Superfamily FORMICOIDEA 1427 



CampoTwtus herculeanus ligniperdus var. pictus Forel, 1879. Soc. Vaud. des Sci. Nat., Bui. 



16:59. 9, 9, 6. 

 Camponotus herculeanus ligniperdus var. noveboracensis Forel, 1899. Soc. Ent. de Belg., 



Ann. 43: 447. Emend. 

 Camponotus herculeanus ligniperda var. rubens Wheeler, 1906. Psyche 13: 41. 9,6. 



Taxonomy: Wheeler, 1910. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Ann. 20: 300, 340 (each caste). — Buren, 1944. 

 Iowa State Col., Jour. Sci. 18: 293. —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1953. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 46: 

 182-186 (larva). —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1970. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 63: 651 (larva). 



Biology: Jones, 1929. Colo. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 341: 96 pp. (attends aphids). —Gregg, 1944. 

 Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 37: 457-458. —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1944. N. Dak. Hist. Quart. 11: 

 250-251. — Kannowski, 1959. Insectes Sociaux 6: 134-135. —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1963. 

 Ants of N. Dak., pp. 165-168. —Gregg, 1963. Ants of Colo., pp. 663-665. —Sanders, 1964. 

 Canad. Ent. 96: 896 (biology and habits, N. B.). — Gotwald, 1968. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Jour. 76: 

 278-296 (food gathering behavior). —Sanders, 1972. Canad. Ent. 104: 1681-1687 (seasonal 

 and daily activity pattern, Ont.). 



Morphology: Smith, 1942. Tenn. Acad. Sci., Jour. 17: 368. 

 pennsylvanicus (DeGeer). N. B., Que. s. to Fla. vi. to N. Dak., Tex. Ecology: Nests are found in 

 live and dead trees, rotting logs and stumps, and in wood products such as fences, 

 telegraph poles, and buildings. A common and important house infesting ant because of 

 its adaptability to nest in woodwork of buildings. It commonly feeds on household foods, 

 and it is annoying. Nests are started in buildings usually in moist or faulty wood. The 

 first native North American ant to be described. Black carpenter ant. 



Formica pensylvanica (!) DeCJeer, 1773. Mem. Serv. Hist. Ins., v. 3, p. 603. §, 9, 6. 



Camponotus herculeanus herculeanus herculeano-pennsylvanicus Forel, 1879. Soc. Vaud. 

 des Sci. Nat., Bui. 16: 57. 5 (?). 



Camponotus herculeanus pennsylvanicus var. mahican Wheeler, 1910. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 

 Ann. 20: 299, 338. N. name for herculeano-pennsylvanicus Forel. 



Taxonomy: Wheeler, 1910. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Ann. 20: 299, 335-336 (each caste). —Wheeler, 

 1917. Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 600. —Buren, 1944. Iowa State Col., 

 Jour. Sci. 18: 293. — Townsend, 1945. Ky. Agr. Expt. Sta. Cir. 59: 1-27 (references to 1945). 

 —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1953. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 46: 187-188 (larva). —Wheeler and 

 Wheeler, 1970. Ent. Soc. Amer., Arm. 63: 651 flarva). 



Biology: McCook, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc., Trans. 6: 253-296. — Pricer, 1908. Biol. Bui. 14: 

 177-218. — Herrick, 1914. Insects Injurious to the Household and Annoying to Man, pp. 

 177-178. —Gibson, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48: 365-366. —Graham, 1918. Minn. State Ent. Rpt. 

 17: 32-40 (as destroyers of sound wood). —Back, 1937. U. S. Dept. Agr. Leaflet 147. —Van 

 Pelt, 1958. Tenn. Acad. Sci., Jour. 33: 120-122 (parasitism by a fungus). —Wheeler and 

 Wheeler, 1963. Ants of N. Dak, pp. 168-170. —Sanders, 1964. Canad. Ent. 96: 899 (biology 

 and habits, N. B.). —Smith, 1965. U. S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bui. 1326, pp. 63-67 (economic 

 importance). —Sanders, 1972. Canad. Ent. 104: 1681-1687 (seasonal and daily activity 

 patterns, Ont.). 



Morphology: McCook, 1878. Phila Acad. Nat. Sci., Proc. 30: 15-19. — Fielde, 1903. Biol. Bui. 5: 

 320-325. —Fielde and Parker, 1904. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., Proc. 56: 642-649. —Forbes, 

 1938. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 31: 181-195 (anatomy and histology of worker). —Smith, 1942. 

 Tenn. Acad. Sci., Jour. 17: 367-373. —Forbes, 1952. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Jour. 60: 157-171 (male 

 genitalia). —Forbes, 1954. Jour. Morph. 95: 523-548 (male reproductive system). —Forbes, 

 1956. Insectes Sociaux 3: 505-511 (male digestive tract). —Forbes and McFarlane, 1961. N. 

 Y. Ent. Soc., Jour. 69: 92-103 (comparative anatomy of digestive glands of female and 

 male). — Keister, 1963. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 56: 33&-340 (trachael system). —Hermann 

 and Blum, 1968. Psyche 75: 216-227 (poison apparatus). — Ayre and Blum, 1971. 

 Physiological Zool. 44: 77-83 (attraction and alarm by pheromones). 

 quercicola Smith. Calif. (Los Angeles Co. to San Diego Co.). Ecology: Nests in dead limbs of 

 Qu^ercvs agrifolia; nocturnal. 

 Camponotus (Camponotus) quercicola Smith, 1953. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Jour. 61: 211-214. 9, 



