1334 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



texanus (Forel). Tex.; Mexico. 



Acanthostichiis texanus Forel, 1904. Soc. Ent. Belg., Ann. 48: 168. 9 . 

 Ctenopyga tawnsendi Ashmead, 1906. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 8: 29-30. 9,6. 



Taxonomy: Wheeler, 1908. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 24: 400 (female). —Smith, 1955. 

 Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 50: 48-50 (synonymy). 



Subfamily PONERINAE 



One of the smaller subfamilies of ants, with most species found in the tropical regions of the 

 world. Most of the North American forms are either northern extensions of Neotropical taxa or 

 have been introduced by commerce from other parts of the world. These are primitive ants 

 which nest in small colonies of a few hundred individuals or less, mostly in soil or rotting wood. 

 They are predaceous and carnivorous. 



Taxonomy: Wheeler and Wheeler, 1952. Amer. Midland Nat. 48: 111-144 (larvae). —Wheeler 

 and Wheeler, 1964. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 57: 443-462 (larvae). —Wheeler and Wheeler, 

 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64: 1197-1217 (larvae). —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1974. Ent. Soc. 

 Wash., Proc. 76: 278-281 (larvae). —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1976. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 

 102: 41-64 (supplementary studies on larvae). 



Biology: Wheeler, 1910. Ants, pp. 225-245. — WUson, 1958. Evolution 12: 24-31 (beginnings of 

 nomadic and group-predatory behavior). 



Tribe AMBLYOPONINI 



Revision: Brown, 1960. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. ZooL, Bui. 122: 145-230. 



Genus AMBLYOPONE Erichson 



Amblyopone Erichson, 1842. Arch. f. Naturgesch. 8: 260. 



Type-Sf>ecies: Amblyopone australis Erichson. Monotypic. 

 Stigmatornma Roger, 1859. Berlin Ent. Ztschr. 3: 250. 



Type-species: Stigmatornma denticulatum Roger. Desig. by Bingham, 1903. 

 Arotropus Provancher, 1881. Nat. Canad. 12: 205. 



Type-species: Arotropus binodostis Provancher. Monotypic. 

 Amblyopopana Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 154. Emend. 

 Stigmatmnma subg. Xymmer Santschi, 1914. Bol. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici 8: 311. 



Type-sf)ecies: Stigmatornma {Xymmer) muticum Santschi. Monotypic. 

 Stigmatornma subg. Fulakora Mann, 1919. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool., Bui. 63: 279. 



Type-sp»ecies: Stigmatornma {Fulakora) celata Mann. Orig. desig. 

 Amblyopone subg. Neoamblyopone Clark, 1927. In Wheeler, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., 

 Proc 62: 1. 



Type-species: Amlyopone {Neoamblyopone) clarki Wheeler. Monotypic. 

 Amblyopone subg. Protamblyopone Clark, 1927. In Wheeler, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., 

 Proc. 62: 1. 



Type-species: Amblyopone {Protamblyopone) aberrans Wheeler. Monotypic. 

 Lithomyrmex Clark, 1928. Roy. Soc. W. Austrjilia, Jour. 14: 30. 



Type-si)ecies: Lithomyrmex gUvuerti Clark. Orig. desig. 

 Ericapelta Kusnezov, 1955. Zool. Anz. 154: 273. 



Type-species: Ericapelta egregia Kusnezov, Monotypic. 



This genus is represented in the tropical and temperate regions of the world though it is more 

 highly developed in the Australian Region than elsewhere. The Nearctic forms commonly occur 

 in wooded areas, especially those that are well shaded. They are subterranean, and the workers 

 are timid and slow of movement. The female of pallipes forages for food during the period of 

 nest founding, an archaic habit in ants. 



Revision: Creighton, 1940. Amer. Mus. Novitates 1079: 1-8. —Brown, 1960. Harvard Univ., 

 Mus. Comp. Zool., BuL 122: 155-169. 



Taxonomy: Brown, 1949. Psyche 56: 81-88. —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1964. Ent. Soc. Amer., 

 Ann. 57: 444-446 (larvae). 



