Superfamily FORMICOIDEA 1337 



Taxonomy: Lever, 1930. Ent. Monthly Mag. 66: 214 (female). —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1952. 

 Amer. Midland Nat. 48: 129-133 (larva). —Brown, 1958. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool., 

 Bui. 118: 209, 211, 298-299. — Kempf, 1962. Studia Ent. 5: 2-3. 



Biology: Cook, 1904. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. 49: 1-15. —Cook, 1904. Science 19: 

 862-864. —Cook, 1904. Science 20: 310-312 (pupation). —Wheeler, 1904. Science 20: 437-440 

 (pupation; feasibility of introduction). —Cook, 1904. Science 20: 611-612. —Wheeler, 1904. 

 Science 20: 766-768. —Cook, 1905. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 10: 1-55. 

 —Wheeler, 1905. Science 21: 706-710 (criticism of Cook's work). —Cook, 1906. Science 23: 

 187-189. —Wheeler, 1906. Science 23: 348-350. —Weber, 1946. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 48: 

 1-16 (biology and economic significance). 



Morphology: Haskins and Enzmann, 1938. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Ann. 37: 100-162 (physiology). 

 — Gotwald, 1969. N. Y. Agr. Expt. Sta. (Cornell Univ.), Mem. 408: 25-42 (mouthparts). 



Genus GNAMPTOGENYS Roger 



Gnamptogenys Roger, 1863. Berlin Ent. Ztschr. 7: 174. 



Type-species: Ponera tomata Roger. Desig. by Emery, 1911. 

 Ectatomma subg. Stictoponera Mayr, 1887. Zool.-Bot. (Resell. Wien, Verh. 37: 539. 



Type-species: Ectatomma coxale Roger. Desig. by Bingham, 1903. 

 Ectatomma subg. Holcoponera Mayr, 1887. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 37: 540. 



Type-species: Gtvamptogenys striatula Mayr. Desig. by Emery, 1911. 

 Alfaria Emery, 1896. Soc. Ent. Ital., Bui. 28: 41. 



Type-species: Alfaria sim.ulans Emery. Monotypic. 

 Ectatom,ma subg. Poneracantha Emery, 1897. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. (]tenova, Ann. 38: 547. 



Type-species: Ectatomma (Holcoponera/) bispinosum Emery. Monotypic. 

 Rhopalopone Emery, 1897. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, Ann. 38: 549. 



Type-sp)ecies: RhopalopoTie epinotalis Emery. Monotypic. 

 Emeryella Forel, 1901. Soc. Ent. Belg., Ann. 45: 334. 



Type-species: Emeryella schmitti Forel. Monotypic. 

 Ectatomma subg. Mictoponera Forel, 1901. Soc. Ent. Belg., Ann. 45: 372. 



Type-species: Ectatomma (Mictoponera) diehli Forel. Monotypic. 

 Ectatomma subg. Parectatomma Emery, 1911. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 118, p. 44. 



Type-species: Ectatomma (Gnamptogenys) triangulare Mayr. Orig. desig. 

 Spaniopone Wheeler and Mann, 1914. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 33: 11. 



Type-sp)ecies: Spaniopone haytiana Wheeler and Mann. Monotypic. 

 Wheeleripone Mann, 1919. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool., Bui. 63: 282. 



Type-species: Wheeleripone albiclava Mann. Orig. desig. 

 Opisthoscyphus Mann, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61: 4. 



Type-species: Opisthoscyphus scabrostis Mann. Monotypic. 

 Ectatxymma subg. Commateta Santschi, 1929. ZooL Anz. 82: 476. 



Type-species: Ectatomma (Parectatomma) bruchi Santschi. Orig. desig. 

 Ectatomma subg. Tammoteca Santschi, 1929. Zool. Anz. 82: 476. 



Type-species: Ectatomma concinna Smith. Orig. desig. 

 Emeryella subg. Barbourella Wheeler, 1930. New England Zool. Club, Proc. 12: 10. 



Type-species: Emeryella (Barbourella) banksi Wheeler. Orig. desig. 



Brown (1958) treated 81 species of which about 64 are found in the New World tropics and di- 

 vided the genus into four species groups. The question has been raised as to whether our only 

 species is native or adventive. 



Revision: Brown, 1958. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool., Bui. 118: 211-241, 299-330. 



Taxonomy: Wheeler and Wheeler, 1952. Amer. Midland Nat. 48: 133-134 Oarvae). —Wheeler 

 and Wheeler, 1964. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 57: 540 (larvae). —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1976. 

 Amer. Ent. Soc., Trans. 102: 43 (revised characterization of larvae). 

 hartmani (Wheeler). La. (Lucky), Tex. (Huntsville); Honduras. Ecology: Specimens have been 

 taken from soil under banana trees in Honduras and from nests of Trachymyrmex 

 septentrionalis (McCook) in La. 

 Ectatomma, (Parectatom.ma) hartmani Wheeler, 1915. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 34: 390. 

 5. 



