1338 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



Taxonomy: Brown, 1958. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. ZooL, Bui. 118: 228, 230, 234, 302. 

 — Brown, 1961. Psyche 68: 69 (from Honduras; single worker from Tex. described by 

 Wheeler possibly a locality error or adventive specimen). 



Biology: Echols, 1964. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 57: 137 (La.; first reproductive colonies taken in 

 U. S.). 



Genus PROCERATIUM Roger 



Proceratium Roger, 1863. Berlin. Ent. Ztschr. 7: 171. 



Type-species: Proceratium silaceum Roger. Monotypic. 

 Sysphingta Roger, 1863. Berlin. Ent. Ztschr. 7: 175. 



Type-species: Sysphingta micrommata Roger. Monotypic. 

 Sysphincta Mayr, 1865. Reise d. Novara, Zool. 1 (1) Formicidae, p. 12. Emend. 



About 24 world species are known, most of which are found in the warmer parts of the 

 northern temperate region of the world. They are hypogaeic, and the small colonies of two or 

 three dozen individuals are found in well-rotted, moist wood such as that of logs and stumps. A 

 constant, high moisture content is essential. Toward the cooler areas they may be under the 

 deepest rocks. Workers are sluggish and carnivorous, apparently feeding almost exclusively on 

 the eggs of other Arthropods. 



Revision: Emery, 1895. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. System. 8: 264-266. —Brown, 1958. Harvard 

 Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool., Bui. 118: 241-248. 



Taxonomy: Wheeler aid Wheeler, 1952. Amer. Midland Nat. 48: 135-137. (larvae). —Wheeler 

 and Wheeler, 1964. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 57: 451 (larvae). — Snelling, 1967. Los Angeles 

 Co. Mus., Contrib. Sci. 124: 1-10 (key to New World species). — Wheeler and Wheeler, 

 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64: 1202 (larvae). 



Biology: Brown, 1958. Psyche 65: 115 (predation of arthropod eggs). 

 califomicum Cook. Calif. Found in several scattered localities from Sutter Co. to Los Angeles 

 Co. The worker is unknown. 

 Procratiumd) califomicum Cook, 1953. The Ants of Calif., pp. 45-46. 6. 



Taxonomy: Snelling, 1967. Los Angeles Co. Mus., Contrib. Sci. 124: 1-10 (female, male). 

 croceum (Roger). Va. to Fla. w. to 111., Tex. 



Ponera crocea Roger, 1860. Berlin Ent. Ztschr. 4: 288. 9 . 



Taxonomy: Emery, 1895. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. System. 8: 264 (worker, female). —Smith, 1930. 

 Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 23: 390-392 (male). —Wheeler and Wheeler, 1952. Amer. Midland 

 Nat. 48: 135 (larva). 



Biology: Raskins, 1930. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 38: 121-126. —Brown, 1958. Harvard Univ., 

 Mus. Comp. Zool., Bui. 118: 246-247. 

 melinum (Roger). "Carolina"; Europe. A European species that doubtfully occurs in North 



America and has not been collected here since it was originally described; types may 



have been mislabeled. 

 Ponera melina Roger, 1860. Berlin. Ent. Ztschr. 4: 291. 5, 9, 6. 

 Sysphingta Europaea Forel, 1886. Soc. Ent. Belg., Ann. (C. R.) 30: CLXIH. 5. 

 Sysphincta europaea rossica Amoldi, 1930. Zool. Anz. 91: 144. 5,9. 

 Sysphincta fialai Kratochvil, 1944. In "Mohelno." Arch. Svaz. ochr. prir. dom. Morave, 



Svazek 6: 54, 86. 



Taxonomy: Brown, 1958. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool., Bui. 118: 243, 246-248, 334 

 (doubtful in N. Amer.; also biological notes). 

 pergandei (Emery). Mass. to Fla. w. to Iowa, Ark., La. 



Sysphincta pergandei Emery, 1895. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. System. 8: 264. 5 . 



Taxonomy: Smith, 1928. Ent. News 39: 242-243 (male). —Cole, 1940. Amer. Midland Nat. 24: 

 36. —Brown, 1958. Harvard Univ., Mus. Comp. Zool., Bui. 118: 243, 246, 247-248, 336 (also 

 biological notes). 



